December 3, 1859 (4 pages)

ARGU POH SA MM ESE TET gE OGIO HS EEN EOIN MT Hh Se ne so aceeenerenese 2 2 mene ’ THE BY AVERY & WATERS. THE HYDR Reis apiece eh ck Lies So . R. H. FARQUHAR, *PUBLISHEDEVERY SATURDAY MORNING ‘Beg Office on Main street, adjoining the Drug Slore.“@a Terms for the Paper. ‘One Year, invariably inadvance . *Six Montiz, “ “*< “ lree Ty “ oc aid ‘Terms for Advertising. “One Square, (12 lines) first insertion,....++. 3! ach subsequent insertion, #B~ Besiness carils not exceeding four lines of this “ype, will be inserted for S6 00 a quarter. Liquors, i i iil PLS eS BILLIARDS, 25 CTS. AGAME! SAN JUAN EXCHANGE. C. SCHARDIN & CO., OULD respectfully inform their old friends andthe public generally that they have recent‘Ty made maay improvements to the above-named popular resort, and are better prepared than ever to please all tastes. Three Billiard Tables, Tn first-rate order—two of them new Marble Beds ‘and equal toany in the State. The wood bedis the favorite of the place. BOWLING. Two splendid Ten-Pin Alleys are attached to the es tablishment, well supplied with the perquisites of such an institution. It isthe intention of the proprietor to use every exertion to make the Exchange the favorite, resort of all seckers of healthy pleasurable exercise. THE BAR will be furnished with the very best WENES AYD LIGVORS To be had in the San Francisco Market, will be spared to make everything pleasant and attractive. 19 2~P eee RS BROWN & RK ESPECTHRULLEY inform their old and tae public generally. that they still hebi forth atthe corner of Main and Flume where they keep th: very best Wimes ? > eee wipro JP . i ‘ % frieuds and Liqtiors, Also, the finest Cigars an:l Tobdva2ces. The establishment BROWN. formerly of Philadelphia. H eitnd of pleasing. gi eges = equaliv well ' North San Jnan. June 1}, 1859. EET will the art of d Fine O78 f2randics C. E. Soda Water Ma DEALER IN FINE HELFRICH, nufacturer. Wines. Ale, — Brandics. of the following bra Md Sazerac. Otard. Jules. Robin & Ce., 4 yards, Martelle,Chanipaigne, Otard, &., Ec Philadelphia and 1 Md Tom. Santa Crit aed Jam-aicn Monet gahela, Bourbon, Trish ana Yeotch Whiskey: Weidsick, Schreidér md Morizette Chanimparene : Tort, Sherry, Ginger, Hock, Sauterne Clhiret Wines 3 an-i SYRUPS. Tlis extensive stock t1 now complete in every depart-. ; rent, and will be offers 1 at SACRAMENTO PRICES. AULIC PRESS. and no pains . beundér the care of Mr. é . Post Office Drilding who tnderstands . folland Gin,] . . . . . Assorted Case Liquors, [tintin i i Garis, NIRA) BPN ee Si ren tee UOCR Ne TOE UROL Y REE ON etrenew see Te REC OOO ictal esc a saleasiunie . \ astebuiahiaiiie on bei CER i. SR EONS ————— eee Justice of the Peace, Bridgeport Township. Office, in the old Masonic Hall Main 8-reet, Sun Juan. 1 tt O. P. STIDGER, Attorney at Law, Notary Public, And Conveyancer. Office on the north side of Main street, one door west of FE V. Lattield’s store, oppositethe Pioneer, NORTH SAN JUAN. Nov. 13, 1857. 1 G. C. HARVEY, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Notary Public and Conveyancer. Office near the Sierra Nevada Motel, North San Juan, Nevada county. 2. Practices in all or any of the courts in this State. All business appertaining to the Legal profession strictly and faithfully attended'to. 32 3m WM. F. ANDERSON, WM. H. MARTIN. ANDERSON & MARTIN, Atiterneys at Law, . Office, corner of Commercial ‘and Pine streets, near the Court Llouse, Nevada City. Y. 10tf Fs Mg BE COMM Noccscnencaseeotenntndsn cen anvosstsVrseoneseil A.U NILES. McCONNELL & NILES, . Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Will practice in all the Courts of the 14th Judicial Dis; trict, and in the Supreme Court. Orrice—Ridd’s Brick Building, up stairs. 213m C. WILSON HILL, Attorney at Law, Wiilattend promptly toall business confided to his care . in Nevada and adjoining counties. ; Of fiee— tu Abbott's Building, NEVADA. tf16 . TEETH! &&% DR, E. FELLERS, Dentist, NORTH SAN JUAN, AS un office inthe Post Office Butlding, on Main Street, where he is propared to perform F ail operations upon ‘TEETH, on the latest and most ap. proved principl ee By request, families will be owaited on at their resi} Vilice hours—from 7 o'clock A. M., to 5 o'clock P. . $8-3m CHARLES ST. LOUIS, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Main street, Norih San Juan. A GENERAL assortment of Waténes and = 9 Jewelry for sale. Jewelry made to order. . a, ¢ agile ke = oe Ses «Watches and Clocks Repaired. ol btf Agent for New Edria Guickhsilver, The Best and Purest Articie in the Siate! North San Juan, Nevada ccunty. J. W. SULLIVAN’S Great PacificEmporium eal ‘Literature. ) : Trus Delta, Repiul lican. Cin. Courier des Etiits Unis, Tribune and Times. ie Agent for the Califor } ton Journal, Missouri cinnall) fomimercial, N. New York Lerald, &c., &c., & Washington street, next dour to the Pest Office, SAN FRANCTISCQ. Baston GUSTAVE HANSEN, WATCHALAKER, opened his shop on ap John’s, where he und, ready to give prempt at seutrusted to his eare.— ry manufactured, and all BE d Ornamental, dene im the efully repeired, and warran dott pharaving. plain vie. Watches car March 29th, 759, County Surveyor’s Gfiice. San Iuan North, Nov. (7, 1857. [12m] ST ee AE ets 6 ee Court Llouse, Nevada. », SCHAKDIN & CO., JON L. GAMBLE (5. OSTROM, aa S. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in County Surveyor. 4 a Deputy. i AA) wines, Ligaors, Cigarsand ToLL persens are hereby cantioned against employSere bacco. Jing other Surveyorsthan such as may be depua eoncral assortment of tized from this office, . Also— a general assortmen Extract from the Laws of California. os a TT] RThT x TITS Crap. 20, See. 3.+-No survey or re-survey hereafter { RESIL AN D Di ~ E 2) I RU [ a Ww 5] made by any person except the County Sur veyor or his ; 3 _s = Deputy, shalt be considered legal evidence in any court / Ané@ €Confoctioner Y + {within this State. JOUN L. GAMBLE, SOUTH SIDE OF WAIN STREET. ee ee eee North San Juan, Nov. 17, 1857. {1 tf] firth Son Tron, eS __O*) . NEW MARKET. LUMBER! LUMRER!? 4 yo subscribers have epened a New Market in the store oceupsed by 3 ; HE PROPRIETORS OF THE PECK & COLLEY, Nerth San Juan Saw-Mill take this opportunity to form the public that they have recently purchased the ove-nanred property, which has been refitted at great pense, and that they are now prepared to furnish juice and -Buiiding Lumber, And Biocks of ali kinds, on short notice. All orders sntisfactorily filled and promptly delivered. N. B. Ali persons indebted ta SAN JUAN MIC, . >MPANY for Lumber, will please take netics, that yments must be made to the undersigned alone. Tf Ae to any other party they will not be recognized as itimate. A. S. WADLEIGH, Agent San Juan Mill Co. Tuly 28, 1859. ¥ULTON FOUNDRY trom WT orizx s. HINCKLEY & CO., rst Street, bet. Market and Mission, SAN FRANCISCO. ANUFACTURERS of Qvartz Mitts, Saw Mais, Steam ENarnes, Pumps, Cast iron Fronts, Buildings. etc. All Kinds of IRON CASTINGS nished at short notice. Every style of Finishing to awhen cast. Repairing of Machinery neatly done. tern-making in all its various forms. Prices reasrble. 2 ém in and Hardware Niore. itt oves, Hardware, Cook Stoves . Parlor Stoves, Tfose Pipes, Box Sloves, A General assortShelf Hardware, Gangs, men! of Tincare, . Nails, ee Cutlery, ilders Hardware, Carpenters’ Tools, Butts and Serews, om and Steel, Galvanized Iron Pipe, Water Boxes &c., hand and made to order. FRANK SMITH, Brick Row, Main street. Verth San Juan, Nov. 17,1357. 1tf “GENUINE CREMONA VIOLIN, of a very superior tone, for sale at 3 t : : SAMELSON’S. ARDWARE.--An extensive assortment of . @ Mardware just received at the store of _ sept. 17 PECK & COLFY. where they will offer for sale the best of Beef, Pork, Mutton &c. 4x A share of patronage is solicited. CRAWFORD & CO. Norh San Juan, Dec’r.22d, °5S. 190f Drugs and Heddivines. were our er erase ee JUAN DRUG STORE! , T. & L. MeGUIRE, j (Successors to B. P. Avery.) AND APOTHIECARIES, Main street, opposite Reservoir street, North San Juan. Have on hand a large and good stock of DRUGS, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Lerfumery, Toilet and Funey Articles. ALSO. 4 White Lead, Paint stuffs, Linseed 071, Lamp, Machine, Neatsfoot. Tanner's, Lard, Olive and Castor Oils. Turpentine, Varnishes, Alcohoi, Camphene and Burning Fiuid. Glue, Putty, Whiting, Chalk, Sai Soda, Window Glass. Brushes of every description. SELECT WINES and LIQUORS, for medical use, The subscribers are prepared to wholesale Goods to Physicians and small dealers in adjoining towns, at as lay rates as they can purchase in the cities below; and will guarantee the excellence of whatever they sell. One er both of the subscribers will bein attendance at the stere day and night, and the most careful atten. tion will be given to the comporndiag ef Physicians . Prescriptions and Family Medicines. mar i2 30 grytf ~ Camphene! T the San Juan Drug Store, by the case, can or £8 gallon. . . . . Che Rudraulic Press, B. P. AVERY, EDITOR. Ixp1an Vautey.—This lovely summit vale, situated-in Plumas county between American and Honey ‘Lake Valleys, is said-by a correspondent of the Mountain Messenger to contain a population of from three to five hundred persons, who are engaged in stock raising and cultivation of the soil. Wheat, hay and potatoes are the chief products. There is ‘a saw-mill and grist-miliin the Valley, and the Honey Lake people bring their wheat ‘here to‘be ground. -Early frosts sometimes nip Vegetation, and the farmers guard against them ‘by building-fires about their ranches, ‘or upon the mountain sides, and impregnating the air with smoke. A stranger would consider the valley almost a solitude, “so seldom will be seen persons in groups or heard the hum and buzz of human voices, or ‘the din ‘of active business pursuits. “The ‘tinkle of ‘cow-bells, the lowing of ‘herds in the'meadow, or the occasional ‘discharge of a gun by’a solitary bunter, ‘are about the only sounds that ‘break tlie stillness -of ‘the scene.” ee is DesrrabLe ImportatTion.—The Cal. -Christian Advocate, in an advertisement of books for the holidays, announces that its editor las just received from New York a supply ‘ef The True” Woman, in splendid binding, A true woman in splendid binding may be considered a rara avis anywhere, but particularly in California. Senora Oviedo, né Bartlett, was ‘bound ‘mast illustriously, and with any amount of gilt, not long ago, ‘but she is hardly a true woman, But Bro. Thomas further announces that he has a supply ‘of The True Woman in muslin, and there we can believe him. Jn muslin and calico the article is-oftenest found, and even in the simple guise of Halleck’s Yankee girl, with— “Love darting eyes and tresses like the morn, Without a shoe or stocking, hoeing corn!” Send along The True Woman in plain binding—none of your “morocco, antique gilt” for the mines, where there is antique guilt enough already. Ne Sesekeesoes ate Tue Sux Compared to Dirs.—Astronomers calculate that the illuminating power of the sun’s rays is equal to that of thirty-five hundred octillions of candles at a distance of The amount of light which flows from the solar orb could ‘scarcely be produced ky the daily combustion of two hundred globes of tallow, each equal to the earth inamagnitude. The great illuminator is thonght to derive ‘its ninety billions of miles. ight from the magazine of ether disseminated through space and ever ready to manifest its luciferous properties on large spheres, whose attraction renders it sufficiently dense for the play of chemical affinity. A beautiful theory, that strikes us more than the tallow-dip comparison. Reto A teat eos Argrestan WELLS.—That Artesian wells exhaust the subsoil moisture in some shelving localities dependent mostly upon rains for supplies of water, is pretty clearly established in this State, and Mr. L. Prevost, of San José, when the evil is greatest, proposes legislation to prevent wilful waste of the liquid treasure. He thinks every owner of an artesian well in Santa Clara Valley should be required to fix a faucet to the pipe at the mouth of his well, and then only use so much water as may be necessary for cultivating the ground. a Tur First Snow.—Qn this subject “Semof the Sierra Democrat, “gets off” some poetry which is sui generis. We give two stanzas—‘‘omitting the second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh and eighth. Congregation will rise and sing”: White as the robes of a restless sprite, Pressing the earth in the middle night, It comes, the snow from the rifted skies, Pure as immaculate Truth—till it Hes: # eee ee ee ee. eee eee, See, Bele Pretty to look at where it is deep, Pure as the dreams of babyhood’s sleep, Refreshing in Summer, but hard to beep, Andhence sold at prices exceedingly steep. Ss ee ae The number of insane persons admitted to the Stockton Asylum, at the present time, will average two per diem—730 per annum! This rapid increase is traceable directly to licentious, iatemperate habits, and too great a devotion to the money idea. 2. Le Phare, a French daily printed at San Francisco, netices a magnificent plaster siatue of Washingten, life size, which has . been execated in that city by an artist named Bacon. The head and features are given with great expression and faithfulness, and the general attitude is diguified and most natural. Srock Rerorter.—We have received the third number of Stow’s Stock Reporter and Banker's Advertiser, & monthly sheet published at Sacramento and valuable to the mercantile community. It has a circulation of 5,000, Subscription price 50cts. per an-: hum. + 0 Congress meets next Monday, when there will doubtless commence another long struggie over the speakership. LAW vs. EQUITY. The action of the United States Circuit ‘Court, in this -State, with reference to the . ‘cieties, and especially of that kind which the cel NEW SOCIETIES. There is no end to'the making of new so. . VOL. 2. NO. 16 DHE FATE OF THE CAUCASUS. It is thought that the capture of Schamyt, ebrated chief, who since his youth has successfully warred against Russia, will effecNew Almaden ‘quicksilver mine, stopping Ki proposes to effect the morsl regeneration of tually admit Russian absorption to all of the work in the same during pendency of suit . individuals or of communities. The general . .famed country of Mount Caucasus,from which work of ‘refdrm, ‘oacecommitted to the sole . sprung the Caucasian or white race of the to try title; and the decision of Judge McAllister that the title to the minerals vests ‘in the U. States and can be at ahy time asserted, . excitedabout a year ago, avery animated dis. cussion. It was tlfen supposed by many, that if the working of one Glass ‘of mines, held on sufferance, merely, of the General Governmeitt, could be stopped, so could the working‘on ‘every other class as well; and it ‘was thotght that the New Almaden case . ‘was but the initiation of a course of proceedings against all claimants of mineral lands, of whatever kind, with a view to re. storing them to the possession of the original proprietor. The discussion‘has lately ‘béén partly revived by a forcibly ‘written! pamphlet from the pen ‘of Geo. Gordon, Esq., ‘who entertains the same fears expresstd above. ‘He thinks, and correctly too, in our opinion, that the right to the . minerals—in the public lands at least—does not belong abstractly and positively to gov. ‘ernment, which only exercises a delegated ‘control over them-; and that‘if it did, the occupants of the mineral land ‘in California have acquired rights, with the tacit permission of government, of which they could not now be equitably deprived. Mr. Gordon discusses the whole question upon the broad ; grounds of equity, and upon the democratic assumption that the forbearance of Congress and the action of the peop'e under that forbearance have developed an unwritten law which should be the equity of courts in adLaces such cases as that of the Almaden . mine. Any other course would certainly . Lapare most unjust and ‘have disastrous ef . fects upon the great industry of the State. . While Wve agree with the general arguurent of Mr. Gordon—a fuHer presentation of . . which is prevented ky our restricted space —we do not coincide with -hig conclusions. . It is not probable that, after eleven years of . forbearance, during which period the entire mineral region of California has remained . in the undisturbed possession of citizens and . sirangers, and been worked by them under ) an admirable system of local laws drawn up by themselves—we say itis not probable the . General Government will now seek to assert . oust the miners from their diggings on the . ylea that the lasy ‘deems their operations an . i the -claim it has virtually abandoned, and “ipraparable misckicf” to the public domain. . We haye always been convinced that the . suit of the United States against the New Almeden mine was brought at the instiga‘tion of interested parties, and that the result of it would be equitable: but for this we might share the fears of Mr. Gordon. It is desirable that the tenure by which mining claims are held should be placed beyond a . peradventure, or the chances of judicial and legislative caprice; but we do not clearly see how this can be effected. No doubt the omission of national legislation has been the result of a wise policy which will probably be extended to the new mines of Utah and . Nebraska. Experience has proved that the mines of precious metals cam safely be left . free for all to work, without exacting any royalty or rental to the government; and that such a liberal course facilitates settlement and development, while it also pre. vents injurious monopolies. It has equally proved, that practical miners, familiar with all the wants and exigencies of their peculiar position and pursuit, can more competently regulate their affairs than Congres= sional wisdom or even that of the State.— The system will stand, at least until the mining communities desire a change. Meanwhile, of course, it is well to guard vigr lantly our rights, and see that the equity of the General Government is not turned to . injustice by the schemes of interested individuals. Ses os Tue Dirrerence.—Eastern papers give display headings to the intelligence that an express train had brongat $40,000 im gold dust from the Pike’s Peak mines—the gatherings ef several weeks. California sends nearly two millions by every steamer, and the same journals hardly notice it. ——_--____—--—-+® The Yreka Union—a paper distinguished by the ability of Brewn and McDonald-— has died for want of support. Its last editer, C. B. McDonald, is desirous of ess tablishing another journal in Yreka, if the Democracy desire a party sheet ard will aid him. pee 2 @ + It is propesed to extend Montgomery street, San Francisco, through Telegraph Hill by tunneling. Maybe, if the idea is realized, its authors will find some more rich quartz! Neen en ne EEEEEEEIE The Sacramentans feared an overflow of the river inte their city last week, if the storm should not abate, owing to the filling up of the channel and insufficiency of the levee in places. a A new quartz district has been formed in the vicinity of Gold Lake, Plumas county. ‘charge of the institutional church, is now taken in hand by numerous disti#act organhuman family. The tribes of this wonderful countty exhibit the noblest specimens of physical mankind, are bold, patriotic an izations. Little groups of men and women, . warlike in the extreme; their strongholds in anxious to be ‘useful or to be prominent, . the mountains are quite unapproachable to and dissatisfied with the slow drift of the invaders, and for a period alnrost indefinite these people have adroitly and terribly de‘eharéh—which now only follows instead of. ¢.,¢ed the narrow pathways to their homes, of agitation alone, taking one of the cardinal virtues as‘a polar star, towards which they steer with what power they may. -Association ‘is the hobby of the age, and tve will not deny it to be the cause of much of the progress of the age; but in its arbitrary machinery, its stiff or exclusive formula, there is an influence that is unfriendly to individual development, and so far an ‘influence ‘inimical to radical progress. But‘our object kere is only to give a glance at recent forms of association, not to make it the topic of an essay. To proceed then. A Petaluma clergyman has started a new sobooty ciety called the “California Youths’ Association,’ whose members pledge themselves to total abstinenct from intoxicating beverages and tobacco. At Sacramento, an association exists which enjoys the high‘sounding name of “Knights of the Record,” and has for its object the promotion of good morals, particulurly amongst young men— none being admitted, we are told, who are known to be immoral ia their habits or profane in langnage. The objects ‘of these young “Knights” are excellent, but how can they accomplish them by such righteous (?) exclusiveness? At-Michigan Bluff, an antisweatin society has ‘been formed. Half a dozen young men—who evidently think there is more restraining influence in a public pledge than in Divine grace—resolved that profanity was an abominable, ungentlemanly, unchristian practice, from which they would abstain and persuade others to do likewise. The association now numbers many ladies and gentlemen. It meets ence a week, and the Paver Courier humorously says of it: “Should any of the members during the week hit their fingers with a hammer while driving a nail, or should any of those who are following the business of mining, slip up and fall into the dump box, or their pickaxe break, or the hydraulic pipe throw cold water upon them, or in their under ground . labors they should strike their heads against i the roof of the tunnel, or strike their shins against a wheelbarrow; or peradventure whilst occupied ia their culinary affairs, the j wxice and rats get into the flower sack. and . the pismires get into the sugar bowl; should . the brend not rise, or the beans burn, or . anything else occur to canse one of the . members to swear a_few, by honestly con. fessing and stating the cause which led to such infraction of the pledge, they will be ' pardoned, and admonished by the President . to do so no more.” + 9. ___—__ Ovicy.—We are accustomed to forget the drunkenness of our people, and visit upon the Chinese epiam chewers much virtuous ‘doathing. But Sir John Bowring, for many years the English Governor of Hong Kong, . thinks opium chewing, which only stupifies, . far preferable to the use ef intoxicating . beverages, which «maddens atid leads to ‘crime. He says the proportion of deaths . amongst the drinking classes of Great Bri. tain is greater than amongst the opium . chewers of China. The use of the drug by . the Celestials has almost extirpated drunkienness from amongst them, and has un. deubtedly been a moral benefit to them.— . We cannot be seduced into the habitual use . of the dangerous opiate by these arguments, if we admit their truth, but must rather view with astonishment a people who were so degraded that the substitution of a nar. cotic poison for an alcoholic one has Jed to . their moral improvement Bvaxive ELrogvence.—A cotemporary who has evidently experienced “how sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless friend,” discourses on ingratitude, and thus flares up: “This produces a feeling as though the . most sensitive resources of the heart were charged with a combustible liquid set on fire, with a direct tendency to the very heart’s core, which in appearance is being consumed by the burning flames.” He means that ingratitude gives a fellow the heartburn, for which physicians recom= mend magnesia. ee Heroes scene eo ee ele er en BreaKwATeR Wantep.—QOur neighbours on the upper coast are urging the necessity of building a breakwater at Crescent City, in order to afford some protection to vessels . plying up and down the coast. Kt appears that there is fot a geod harbor, or safe anchorage during the prevalence of south-east winds, which visit the coast during the rainy season, between San Francisco and Puget Sound; and hence vessels are left to the mercy of the storms. It is alleged that by building a breakwater at Creseent City a safe retreat will be had, aud as it is nearly central between the above mentioned points it is very desirable that it shouid be done.— Express. cient teialintbaieinsimonmmanrtitnirs . leading the world—strike out into the waters . and sallied forth from their steep and secluded places to astonish and defeat the bravest of Rassians and Turks. In the Crimean war, Schamyl was aconstant and fearful annoyance to Russia, but a temporary peace was contracted on account of the fact that a son of the old chief was held a kindly treated prisoner in St. Petersburg, and had been ‘educated by authority of the Russian government. The Caucasians are taught to be always prepared to defend their country,and to suffer any deprivation for the sacred rights of home and in the solemn maintenance of the rites institeted by the sages and prophets. It is related of Schamyl that when driven ‘with his tribe toa spot where they were surrounded by foes, he decreed that whoever should propose to surrender would be pun ished with many lashes of a whip upon the naked body. Hunger and thirst began to oppress the tribe, and the women, headed by Schamyl’s aged mother, besought him to surrender. He ordered her. arrest, and she was condemned to meet the penalty promised in his decree. But when the affliction was abort vo take place, he appeared and stated that having consulted the ruling deities, it had seemed to him that while the decree was imperative, it was his duty to relieve his mother by receiving the punishment himself. Accordingly, he commanded the ‘torturing blows to fall, and he received them without the slightest exhibition of pain. It was through such stern, self-sacrificing and inexarable conduct that he inspired his followers with unchanging firmness; every warrior felt that to Schamyl were given prophetic powers, supernatural mysteries and unconquerable qualities, awful and ado= rable. In removing Schamyl to St. Petersburg, the Russians have accomplished a remarkable event, and we hope that they will be sufficiently magnanimous'to not make the bondage of the free-born chieftain—one of the most remarkable of men—oppressive and deerading.—Stockton Republican. — so ed ‘CALIFORNIA REPRESENTATION.—A late num= ber of ‘the Al/a had & sensible article on the population of our State, and the importance of districting it, that Wwe may show a proper yoprestntation in the Federal Congress. We copy some temarks: At the close of the taking of the seventh census, in 1850, California possessed a free population of 92,597—but little more than the State of Delaware. With the present population, and at its present ratio of increase, it will scarcely fail to reach 650,000 next year. With the present apportionment of representation—which is one representative for every 93,453 inhabitants—California would have six representatives, if not seven, instead of two, as now; while, with the State properly districted, the community will be mach more likely to be fairly represented than under the present system 0% se= lecting two from the State atdatge. The taking of the census, then, assumes an im= portant phase, in whatever light we may view it. Fort the sake of justice, let us hope that men may fise superior to all the narrow sentiments of political intrigue, and each use his endeavors to make it a benefit and & blessing to the country, instead of a meré party perquisite to enrich a few party ser= vitors. BSS Gorrers.—These pests of the farmer if the lower part Of the State are thus referred to by Dr. Gibbons: “Our lands are infested by a description of squatters, who, by virtue of possessory claims, have defied all process of ejectment, and in some instances have sneceeded in obtaining undisputed possession. I allude to the gopher—a set of pests which give ak most as much trouble underground in regard to land titles as lawyers do above ground. There are large tracts of fertile land in the country which cannot be rented on any terms for this reason. In some localities gteat numbers of them have lately beer found dead. The old Californians say that they die off occasionally from excess of in= crease, and then for a few years there is & cessation of hostilities. The only extensive and immediate remedy against them is by drowning. Heavy rains drown them out in flat lands. Preparations have been made td turn from its channel next winter, the Alameda creek, and inandate adlarge tract of soil now rained by them. Constant tillage, poisoning, shooting. and trapping, will gradually destroy or drivé them off, but not till after years of annay= ance and toss.” A Peornecyia 1645, Daniel Weostei, in a speech delivered at Faneuil Hall, allwd= ing to the settlements on the Pacific, spoke as follows? “T look forward to the period when they will raise a standard for themselves—as they ought to do—as not so far distant but that many, many now present, and those not among the youngest of us, will see a Pacific republican nation. There will exist at the mouth of the Columbia, or more probably farther south, a great Pacific republic—a nation where our chitdren may go for a resi= dence, separating themselves from this government, and forming an integral patt of 4 new government half-way between England and China—too far remote from Europé and from this side of the Amefican continent to be under the governmental influence of either cOuntry.” Some journals have threatened to realize this prediction if Congress does not hurry along the railroad. ee ee oe

ARGU POH SA MM ESE TET gE OGIO HS EEN EOIN MT Hh Se ne so aceeenerenese 2 2 mene ’ THE BY AVERY & WATERS. THE HYDR Reis apiece eh ck Lies So . R. H. FARQUHAR, *PUBLISHEDEVERY SATURDAY MORNING ‘Beg Office on Main street, adjoining the Drug Slore.“@a Terms for the Paper. ‘One Year, invariably inadvance .. *Six Montiz, “ “*< “ lree Ty “ oc aid ‘Terms for Advertising. “One Square, (12 lines) first insertion,........++. 3! ach subsequent insertion, #B~ Besiness carils not exceeding four lines of this “ype, will be inserted for S6 00 a quarter. Liquors, i i iil PLS eS BILLIARDS, 25 CTS. AGAME! SAN JUAN EXCHANGE. C. SCHARDIN & CO., OULD respectfully inform their old friends andthe public generally that they have recent‘Ty made maay improvements to the above-named popular resort, and are better prepared than ever to please all tastes. Three Billiard Tables, Tn first-rate order—two of them new Marble Beds ‘and equal toany in the State. The wood bedis the favorite of the place. BOWLING. Two splendid Ten-Pin Alleys are attached to the es tablishment, well supplied with the perquisites of such an institution. It isthe intention of the proprietor to use every exertion to make the Exchange the favorite, resort of all seckers of healthy pleasurable exercise. THE BAR will be furnished with the very best WENES AYD LIGVORS To be had in the San Francisco Market, will be spared to make everything pleasant and attractive. 19 2~P eee RS BROWN & RK ESPECTHRULLEY inform their old and tae public generally. that they still hebi forth atthe corner of Main and Flume where they keep th: very best Wimes ? > eee wipro JP . i ‘ % frieuds and Liqtiors, Also, the finest Cigars an:l Tobdva2ces. The establishment BROWN. formerly of Philadelphia. H eitnd of pleasing. gi eges = equaliv well ' North San Jnan. June 1}, 1859. EET will the art of d Fine O78 f2randics C. E. Soda Water Ma DEALER IN FINE HELFRICH, nufacturer. Wines. Ale, — Brandics. of the following bra Md Sazerac. Otard. Jules. Robin & Ce., 4 yards, Martelle,Chanipaigne, Otard, &., Ec Philadelphia and 1 Md Tom. Santa Crit aed Jam-aicn Monet gahela, Bourbon, Trish ana Yeotch Whiskey: Weidsick, Schreidér md Morizette Chanimparene : Tort, Sherry, Ginger, Hock, Sauterne Clhiret Wines 3 an-i SYRUPS. Tlis extensive stock t1 now complete in every depart-. ; rent, and will be offers 1 at SACRAMENTO PRICES. AULIC PRESS. and no pains . beundér the care of Mr. é . Post Office Drilding who tnderstands . folland Gin,] . . . . . Assorted Case Liquors, [tintin i i Garis, NIRA) BPN ee Si ren tee UOCR Ne TOE UROL Y REE ON etrenew see Te REC OOO ictal esc a saleasiunie . \ astebuiahiaiiie on bei CER i. SR EONS ————— eee Justice of the Peace, Bridgeport Township. Office, in the old Masonic Hall Main 8-reet, Sun Juan. 1 tt O. P. STIDGER, Attorney at Law, Notary Public, And Conveyancer. Office on the north side of Main street, one door west of FE V. Lattield’s store, oppositethe Pioneer, NORTH SAN JUAN. Nov. 13, 1857. 1 G. C. HARVEY, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Notary Public and Conveyancer. Office near the Sierra Nevada Motel, North San Juan, Nevada county. 2. Practices in all or any of the courts in this State. All business appertaining to the Legal profession strictly and faithfully attended'to. 32 3m WM. F. ANDERSON, WM. H. MARTIN. ANDERSON & MARTIN, Atiterneys at Law, . Office, corner of Commercial ‘and Pine streets, near the Court Llouse, Nevada City. Y. 10tf Fs Mg BE COMM Noccscnencaseeotenntndsn cen anvosstsVrseoneseil A.U NILES. McCONNELL & NILES, . Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Will practice in all the Courts of the 14th Judicial Dis; trict, and in the Supreme Court. Orrice—Ridd’s Brick Building, up stairs. 213m C. WILSON HILL, Attorney at Law, Wiilattend promptly toall business confided to his care . in Nevada and adjoining counties. ; Of fiee— tu Abbott's Building, NEVADA. tf16 . TEETH! &&% DR, E. FELLERS, Dentist, NORTH SAN JUAN, AS un office inthe Post Office Butlding, on Main Street, where he is propared to perform F ail operations upon ‘TEETH, on the latest and most ap. proved principl ee By request, families will be owaited on at their resi} Vilice hours—from 7 o'clock A. M., to 5 o'clock P. . $8-3m CHARLES ST. LOUIS, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Main street, Norih San Juan. A GENERAL assortment of Waténes and = 9 Jewelry for sale. Jewelry made to order. . a, ¢ agile ke = oe Ses «Watches and Clocks Repaired. ol btf Agent for New Edria Guickhsilver, The Best and Purest Articie in the Siate! North San Juan, Nevada ccunty. J. W. SULLIVAN’S Great PacificEmporium eal ‘Literature. ) : Trus Delta, Repiul lican. Cin. Courier des Etiits Unis, Tribune and Times. ie Agent for the Califor } ton Journal, Missouri cinnall) fomimercial, N. New York Lerald, &c., &c., & Washington street, next dour to the Pest Office, SAN FRANCTISCQ. Baston GUSTAVE HANSEN, WATCHALAKER, opened his shop on ap John’s, where he und, ready to give prempt at seutrusted to his eare.— ry manufactured, and all BE d Ornamental, dene im the efully repeired, and warran dott pharaving. plain vie. Watches car March 29th, 759, County Surveyor’s Gfiice. San Iuan North, Nov. (7, 1857. [12m] ST ee AE ets 6 ee Court Llouse, Nevada. », SCHAKDIN & CO., JON L. GAMBLE (5. OSTROM, aa S. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in County Surveyor. 4 a Deputy. i AA) wines, Ligaors, Cigarsand ToLL persens are hereby cantioned against employSere bacco. Jing other Surveyorsthan such as may be depua eoncral assortment of tized from this office, . Also— a general assortmen Extract from the Laws of California. os a TT] RThT x TITS Crap. 20, See. 3.+-No survey or re-survey hereafter { RESIL AN D Di ~ E 2) I RU [ a Ww 5] made by any person except the County Sur veyor or his ; 3 _s = Deputy, shalt be considered legal evidence in any court / Ané@ €Confoctioner Y + {within this State. JOUN L. GAMBLE, SOUTH SIDE OF WAIN STREET. ee ee eee North San Juan, Nov. 17, 1857. {1 tf] firth Son Tron, eS __O*) . NEW MARKET. LUMBER! LUMRER!? 4 yo subscribers have epened a New Market in the store oceupsed by 3 ; HE PROPRIETORS OF THE PECK & COLLEY, Nerth San Juan Saw-Mill take this opportunity to form the public that they have recently purchased the ove-nanred property, which has been refitted at great pense, and that they are now prepared to furnish juice and -Buiiding Lumber, And Biocks of ali kinds, on short notice. All orders sntisfactorily filled and promptly delivered. N. B. Ali persons indebted ta SAN JUAN MIC, . >MPANY for Lumber, will please take netics, that yments must be made to the undersigned alone. Tf Ae to any other party they will not be recognized as itimate. A. S. WADLEIGH, Agent San Juan Mill Co. Tuly 28, 1859. ¥ULTON FOUNDRY trom WT orizx s. HINCKLEY & CO., rst Street, bet. Market and Mission, SAN FRANCISCO. ANUFACTURERS of Qvartz Mitts, Saw Mais, Steam ENarnes, Pumps, Cast iron Fronts, Buildings. etc. All Kinds of IRON CASTINGS nished at short notice. Every style of Finishing to awhen cast. Repairing of Machinery neatly done. tern-making in all its various forms. Prices reasrble. 2 ém in and Hardware Niore. itt oves, Hardware, Cook Stoves . Parlor Stoves, Tfose Pipes, Box Sloves, A General assortShelf Hardware, Gangs, men! of Tincare, . Nails, ee Cutlery, ilders Hardware, Carpenters’ Tools, Butts and Serews, om and Steel, Galvanized Iron Pipe, Water Boxes &c., hand and made to order. FRANK SMITH, Brick Row, Main street. Verth San Juan, Nov. 17,1357. 1tf “GENUINE CREMONA VIOLIN, of a very superior tone, for sale at 3 t : : SAMELSON’S. ARDWARE.--An extensive assortment of . @ Mardware just received at the store of _ sept. 17 PECK & COLFY. where they will offer for sale the best of Beef, Pork, Mutton &c. 4x A share of patronage is solicited. CRAWFORD & CO. Norh San Juan, Dec’r.22d, °5S. 190f Drugs and Heddivines. were our er erase ee JUAN DRUG STORE! , T. & L. MeGUIRE, j (Successors to B. P. Avery.) AND APOTHIECARIES, Main street, opposite Reservoir street, North San Juan. Have on hand a large and good stock of DRUGS, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Lerfumery, Toilet and Funey Articles. ALSO.. 4 White Lead, Paint stuffs, Linseed 071, Lamp, Machine, Neatsfoot. Tanner's, Lard, Olive and Castor Oils. Turpentine, Varnishes, Alcohoi, Camphene and Burning Fiuid. Glue, Putty, Whiting, Chalk, Sai Soda, Window Glass. Brushes of every description. SELECT WINES and LIQUORS, for medical use, The subscribers are prepared to wholesale Goods to Physicians and small dealers in adjoining towns, at as lay rates as they can purchase in the cities below; and will guarantee the excellence of whatever they sell. One er both of the subscribers will bein attendance at the stere day and night, and the most careful atten. tion will be given to the comporndiag ef Physicians . Prescriptions and Family Medicines. mar i2 30 grytf ~ Camphene! T the San Juan Drug Store, by the case, can or £8 gallon. . . . . Che Rudraulic Press, B. P. AVERY, EDITOR. Ixp1an Vautey.—This lovely summit vale, situated-in Plumas county between American and Honey ‘Lake Valleys, is said-by a correspondent of the Mountain Messenger to contain a population of from three to five hundred persons, who are engaged in stock raising and cultivation of the soil. Wheat, hay and potatoes are the chief products. There is ‘a saw-mill and grist-miliin the Valley, and the Honey Lake people bring their wheat ‘here to‘be ground. -Early frosts sometimes nip Vegetation, and the farmers guard against them ‘by building-fires about their ranches, ‘or upon the mountain sides, and impregnating the air with smoke. A stranger would consider the valley almost a solitude, “so seldom will be seen persons in groups or heard the hum and buzz of human voices, or ‘the din ‘of active business pursuits. “The ‘tinkle of ‘cow-bells, the lowing of ‘herds in the'meadow, or the occasional ‘discharge of a gun by’a solitary bunter, ‘are about the only sounds that ‘break tlie stillness -of ‘the scene.” ee is DesrrabLe ImportatTion.—The Cal. -Christian Advocate, in an advertisement of books for the holidays, announces that its editor las just received from New York a supply ‘ef The True” Woman, in splendid binding, A true woman in splendid binding may be considered a rara avis anywhere, but particularly in California. Senora Oviedo, né Bartlett, was ‘bound ‘mast illustriously, and with any amount of gilt, not long ago, ‘but she is hardly a true woman, But Bro. Thomas further announces that he has a supply ‘of The True Woman in muslin, and there we can believe him. Jn muslin and calico the article is-oftenest found, and even in the simple guise of Halleck’s Yankee girl, with— “Love darting eyes and tresses like the morn, Without a shoe or stocking, hoeing corn!” Send along The True Woman in plain binding—none of your “morocco, antique gilt” for the mines, where there is antique guilt enough already. Ne Sesekeesoes ate Tue Sux Compared to Dirs.—Astronomers calculate that the illuminating power of the sun’s rays is equal to that of thirty-five hundred octillions of candles at a distance of The amount of light which flows from the solar orb could ‘scarcely be produced ky the daily combustion of two hundred globes of tallow, each equal to the earth inamagnitude. The great illuminator is thonght to derive ‘its ninety billions of miles. ight from the magazine of ether disseminated through space and ever ready to manifest its luciferous properties on large spheres, whose attraction renders it sufficiently dense for the play of chemical affinity. A beautiful theory, that strikes us more than the tallow-dip comparison. Reto A teat eos Argrestan WELLS.—That Artesian wells exhaust the subsoil moisture in some shelving localities dependent mostly upon rains for supplies of water, is pretty clearly established in this State, and Mr. L. Prevost, of San José, when the evil is greatest, proposes legislation to prevent wilful waste of the liquid treasure. He thinks every owner of an artesian well in Santa Clara Valley should be required to fix a faucet to the pipe at the mouth of his well, and then only use so much water as may be necessary for cultivating the ground. a Tur First Snow.—Qn this subject “Semof the Sierra Democrat, “gets off” some poetry which is sui generis. We give two stanzas—‘‘omitting the second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh and eighth. Congregation will rise and sing”: White as the robes of a restless sprite, Pressing the earth in the middle night, It comes, the snow from the rifted skies, Pure as immaculate Truth—till it Hes: # eee ee ee ee. eee eee, See, Bele

Pretty to look at where it is deep, Pure as the dreams of babyhood’s sleep, Refreshing in Summer, but hard to beep, Andhence sold at prices exceedingly steep. Ss ee ae The number of insane persons admitted to the Stockton Asylum, at the present time, will average two per diem—730 per annum! This rapid increase is traceable directly to licentious, iatemperate habits, and too great a devotion to the money idea. 2. Le Phare, a French daily printed at San Francisco, netices a magnificent plaster siatue of Washingten, life size, which has . been execated in that city by an artist named Bacon. The head and features are given with great expression and faithfulness, and the general attitude is diguified and most natural. Srock Rerorter.—We have received the third number of Stow’s Stock Reporter and Banker's Advertiser, & monthly sheet published at Sacramento and valuable to the mercantile community. It has a circulation of 5,000, Subscription price 50cts. per an-: hum. + 0 Congress meets next Monday, when there will doubtless commence another long struggie over the speakership. LAW vs. EQUITY. The action of the United States Circuit ‘Court, in this -State, with reference to the . ‘cieties, and especially of that kind which the cel NEW SOCIETIES. There is no end to'the making of new so. . VOL. 2. NO. 16 DHE FATE OF THE CAUCASUS. It is thought that the capture of Schamyt, ebrated chief, who since his youth has successfully warred against Russia, will effecNew Almaden ‘quicksilver mine, stopping Ki proposes to effect the morsl regeneration of tually admit Russian absorption to all of the work in the same during pendency of suit . individuals or of communities. The general . .famed country of Mount Caucasus,from which work of ‘refdrm, ‘oacecommitted to the sole . sprung the Caucasian or white race of the to try title; and the decision of Judge McAllister that the title to the minerals vests ‘in the U. States and can be at ahy time asserted, . excitedabout a year ago, avery animated dis. cussion. It was tlfen supposed by many, that if the working of one Glass ‘of mines, held on sufferance, merely, of the General Governmeitt, could be stopped, so could the working‘on ‘every other class as well; and it ‘was thotght that the New Almaden case . ‘was but the initiation of a course of proceedings against all claimants of mineral lands, of whatever kind, with a view to re. storing them to the possession of the original proprietor. The discussion‘has lately ‘béén partly revived by a forcibly ‘written! pamphlet from the pen ‘of Geo. Gordon, Esq., ‘who entertains the same fears expresstd above. ‘He thinks, and correctly too, in our opinion, that the right to the . minerals—in the public lands at least—does not belong abstractly and positively to gov. ‘ernment, which only exercises a delegated ‘control over them-; and that‘if it did, the occupants of the mineral land ‘in California have acquired rights, with the tacit permission of government, of which they could not now be equitably deprived. Mr. Gordon discusses the whole question upon the broad ; grounds of equity, and upon the democratic assumption that the forbearance of Congress and the action of the peop'e under that forbearance have developed an unwritten law which should be the equity of courts in adLaces such cases as that of the Almaden . mine. Any other course would certainly . Lapare most unjust and ‘have disastrous ef . fects upon the great industry of the State. . While Wve agree with the general arguurent of Mr. Gordon—a fuHer presentation of . . which is prevented ky our restricted space —we do not coincide with -hig conclusions. . It is not probable that, after eleven years of . forbearance, during which period the entire mineral region of California has remained . in the undisturbed possession of citizens and . sirangers, and been worked by them under ) an admirable system of local laws drawn up by themselves—we say itis not probable the . General Government will now seek to assert . oust the miners from their diggings on the . ylea that the lasy ‘deems their operations an . i the -claim it has virtually abandoned, and “ipraparable misckicf” to the public domain. . We haye always been convinced that the . suit of the United States against the New Almeden mine was brought at the instiga‘tion of interested parties, and that the result of it would be equitable: but for this we might share the fears of Mr. Gordon. It is desirable that the tenure by which mining claims are held should be placed beyond a . peradventure, or the chances of judicial and legislative caprice; but we do not clearly see how this can be effected. No doubt the omission of national legislation has been the result of a wise policy which will probably be extended to the new mines of Utah and . Nebraska. Experience has proved that the mines of precious metals cam safely be left . free for all to work, without exacting any royalty or rental to the government; and that such a liberal course facilitates settlement and development, while it also pre. vents injurious monopolies. It has equally proved, that practical miners, familiar with all the wants and exigencies of their peculiar position and pursuit, can more competently regulate their affairs than Congres= sional wisdom or even that of the State.— The system will stand, at least until the mining communities desire a change. Meanwhile, of course, it is well to guard vigr lantly our rights, and see that the equity of the General Government is not turned to . injustice by the schemes of interested individuals. Ses os Tue Dirrerence.—Eastern papers give display headings to the intelligence that an express train had brongat $40,000 im gold dust from the Pike’s Peak mines—the gatherings ef several weeks. California sends nearly two millions by every steamer, and the same journals hardly notice it. ——_--____—--—-+® The Yreka Union—a paper distinguished by the ability of Brewn and McDonald-— has died for want of support. Its last editer, C. B. McDonald, is desirous of ess tablishing another journal in Yreka, if the Democracy desire a party sheet ard will aid him. pee 2 @ + It is propesed to extend Montgomery street, San Francisco, through Telegraph Hill by tunneling. Maybe, if the idea is realized, its authors will find some more rich quartz! Neen en ne EEEEEEEIE The Sacramentans feared an overflow of the river inte their city last week, if the storm should not abate, owing to the filling up of the channel and insufficiency of the levee in places. a A new quartz district has been formed in the vicinity of Gold Lake, Plumas county. ‘charge of the institutional church, is now taken in hand by numerous disti#act organhuman family. The tribes of this wonderful countty exhibit the noblest specimens of physical mankind, are bold, patriotic an izations. Little groups of men and women, . warlike in the extreme; their strongholds in anxious to be ‘useful or to be prominent, . the mountains are quite unapproachable to and dissatisfied with the slow drift of the invaders, and for a period alnrost indefinite these people have adroitly and terribly de‘eharéh—which now only follows instead of. ¢.,¢ed the narrow pathways to their homes, of agitation alone, taking one of the cardinal virtues as‘a polar star, towards which they steer with what power they may. -Association ‘is the hobby of the age, and tve will not deny it to be the cause of much of the progress of the age; but in its arbitrary machinery, its stiff or exclusive formula, there is an influence that is unfriendly to individual development, and so far an ‘influence ‘inimical to radical progress. But‘our object kere is only to give a glance at recent forms of association, not to make it the topic of an essay. To proceed then. A Petaluma clergyman has started a new sobooty ciety called the “California Youths’ Association,’ whose members pledge themselves to total abstinenct from intoxicating beverages and tobacco. At Sacramento, an association exists which enjoys the high‘sounding name of “Knights of the Record,” and has for its object the promotion of good morals, particulurly amongst young men— none being admitted, we are told, who are known to be immoral ia their habits or profane in langnage. The objects ‘of these young “Knights” are excellent, but how can they accomplish them by such righteous (?) exclusiveness? At-Michigan Bluff, an antisweatin society has ‘been formed. Half a dozen young men—who evidently think there is more restraining influence in a public pledge than in Divine grace—resolved that profanity was an abominable, ungentlemanly, unchristian practice, from which they would abstain and persuade others to do likewise. The association now numbers many ladies and gentlemen. It meets ence a week, and the Paver Courier humorously says of it: “Should any of the members during the week hit their fingers with a hammer while driving a nail, or should any of those who are following the business of mining, slip up and fall into the dump box, or their pickaxe break, or the hydraulic pipe throw cold water upon them, or in their under ground . labors they should strike their heads against i the roof of the tunnel, or strike their shins against a wheelbarrow; or peradventure whilst occupied ia their culinary affairs, the j wxice and rats get into the flower sack. and . the pismires get into the sugar bowl; should . the brend not rise, or the beans burn, or . anything else occur to canse one of the . members to swear a_few, by honestly con. fessing and stating the cause which led to such infraction of the pledge, they will be ' pardoned, and admonished by the President . to do so no more.” + 9. ___—__ Ovicy.—We are accustomed to forget the drunkenness of our people, and visit upon the Chinese epiam chewers much virtuous ‘doathing. But Sir John Bowring, for many years the English Governor of Hong Kong, . thinks opium chewing, which only stupifies, . far preferable to the use ef intoxicating . beverages, which «maddens atid leads to ‘crime. He says the proportion of deaths . amongst the drinking classes of Great Bri. tain is greater than amongst the opium . chewers of China. The use of the drug by . the Celestials has almost extirpated drunkienness from amongst them, and has un. deubtedly been a moral benefit to them.— . We cannot be seduced into the habitual use . of the dangerous opiate by these arguments, if we admit their truth, but must rather view with astonishment a people who were so degraded that the substitution of a nar. cotic poison for an alcoholic one has Jed to . their moral improvement Bvaxive ELrogvence.—A cotemporary who has evidently experienced “how sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless friend,” discourses on ingratitude, and thus flares up: “This produces a feeling as though the . most sensitive resources of the heart were charged with a combustible liquid set on fire, with a direct tendency to the very heart’s core, which in appearance is being consumed by the burning flames.” He means that ingratitude gives a fellow the heartburn, for which physicians recom= mend magnesia. ee Heroes scene eo ee ele er en BreaKwATeR Wantep.—QOur neighbours on the upper coast are urging the necessity of building a breakwater at Crescent City, in order to afford some protection to vessels . plying up and down the coast. Kt appears that there is fot a geod harbor, or safe anchorage during the prevalence of south-east winds, which visit the coast during the rainy season, between San Francisco and Puget Sound; and hence vessels are left to the mercy of the storms. It is alleged that by building a breakwater at Creseent City a safe retreat will be had, aud as it is nearly central between the above mentioned points it is very desirable that it shouid be done.— Express. cient teialintbaieinsimonmmanrtitnirs . leading the world—strike out into the waters . and sallied forth from their steep and secluded places to astonish and defeat the bravest of Rassians and Turks. In the Crimean war, Schamyl was aconstant and fearful annoyance to Russia, but a temporary peace was contracted on account of the fact that a son of the old chief was held a kindly treated prisoner in St. Petersburg, and had been ‘educated by authority of the Russian government. The Caucasians are taught to be always prepared to defend their country,and to suffer any deprivation for the sacred rights of home and in the solemn maintenance of the rites institeted by the sages and prophets. It is related of Schamyl that when driven ‘with his tribe toa spot where they were surrounded by foes, he decreed that whoever should propose to surrender would be pun ished with many lashes of a whip upon the naked body. Hunger and thirst began to oppress the tribe, and the women, headed by Schamyl’s aged mother, besought him to surrender. He ordered her. arrest, and she was condemned to meet the penalty promised in his decree. But when the affliction was abort vo take place, he appeared and stated that having consulted the ruling deities, it had seemed to him that while the decree was imperative, it was his duty to relieve his mother by receiving the punishment himself. Accordingly, he commanded the ‘torturing blows to fall, and he received them without the slightest exhibition of pain. It was through such stern, self-sacrificing and inexarable conduct that he inspired his followers with unchanging firmness; every warrior felt that to Schamyl were given prophetic powers, supernatural mysteries and unconquerable qualities, awful and ado= rable. In removing Schamyl to St. Petersburg, the Russians have accomplished a remarkable event, and we hope that they will be sufficiently magnanimous'to not make the bondage of the free-born chieftain—one of the most remarkable of men—oppressive and deerading.—Stockton Republican. — so ed ‘CALIFORNIA REPRESENTATION.—A late num= ber of ‘the Al/a had & sensible article on the population of our State, and the importance of districting it, that Wwe may show a proper yoprestntation in the Federal Congress. We copy some temarks: At the close of the taking of the seventh census, in 1850, California possessed a free population of 92,597—but little more than the State of Delaware. With the present population, and at its present ratio of increase, it will scarcely fail to reach 650,000 next year. With the present apportionment of representation—which is one representative for every 93,453 inhabitants—California would have six representatives, if not seven, instead of two, as now; while, with the State properly districted, the community will be mach more likely to be fairly represented than under the present system 0% se= lecting two from the State atdatge. The taking of the census, then, assumes an im= portant phase, in whatever light we may view it. Fort the sake of justice, let us hope that men may fise superior to all the narrow sentiments of political intrigue, and each use his endeavors to make it a benefit and & blessing to the country, instead of a meré party perquisite to enrich a few party ser= vitors. BSS Gorrers.—These pests of the farmer if the lower part Of the State are thus referred to by Dr. Gibbons: “Our lands are infested by a description of squatters, who, by virtue of possessory claims, have defied all process of ejectment, and in some instances have sneceeded in obtaining undisputed possession. I allude to the gopher—a set of pests which give ak most as much trouble underground in regard to land titles as lawyers do above ground. There are large tracts of fertile land in the country which cannot be rented on any terms for this reason. In some localities gteat numbers of them have lately beer found dead. The old Californians say that they die off occasionally from excess of in= crease, and then for a few years there is & cessation of hostilities. The only extensive and immediate remedy against them is by drowning. Heavy rains drown them out in flat lands. Preparations have been made td turn from its channel next winter, the Alameda creek, and inandate adlarge tract of soil now rained by them. Constant tillage, poisoning, shooting. and trapping, will gradually destroy or drivé them off, but not till after years of annay= ance and toss.” A Peornecyia 1645, Daniel Weostei, in a speech delivered at Faneuil Hall, allwd= ing to the settlements on the Pacific, spoke as follows? “T look forward to the period when they will raise a standard for themselves—as they ought to do—as not so far distant but that many, many now present, and those not among the youngest of us, will see a Pacific republican nation. There will exist at the mouth of the Columbia, or more probably farther south, a great Pacific republic—a nation where our chitdren may go for a resi= dence, separating themselves from this government, and forming an integral patt of 4 new government half-way between England and China—too far remote from Europé and from this side of the Amefican continent to be under the governmental influence of either cOuntry.” Some journals have threatened to realize this prediction if Congress does not hurry along the railroad. ee ee oe