Volume 12 (1866) (428 pages)

Tanne see ‘Biining and Scieutifie Leesa, __ __“'99 This last in its turn necesy wtigily« reacts aq the aulphareted hydrogen, decasiuning’ the precipitation uf the sulphur, and thus produced the milky appearayes in the conteuts. of tbe tub. _ Sulphide of quicksilver (cinuabar). volatalizes wben sabmitted to a current ol stedon, and ip decoumposei with cousiderahle cuerzy, Much: sniphureted lydrogente set free, nnd the volutalized amtier Yecomes black, coutaming, interaingled through it, sinnll. globules of mercury. ‘The prodagts are also annlagous tu those formed by the reactipus of galeuts. >, . Sulplute of silver dqcomiposes steam with almest the game eneryy, submitted to tha wae conditions, us gnlena, .‘Vlio diasngngement of sulpbureted hydrygen. was very aoteble, and at the termination of the expurient, the, ule phide of silver being amelted iu bbe tube, wus coveryd oa its, surfice with metullic ailvers in i Sulphide ol antimony, heated ander a our-l. , rent of steani,, egulvys, nw deus, fyrmatianidt sulphareted hydrogen. ut the same tine condvusing, mt the. geuviver on. large + quantity of ga orange yelloy “RUDETNUC) 4 resell, bling greatly Ung ygulphide . of yutimeny: oh: taiaed in the wet avay, shyt, compused uf, sul§ phide of antingay and untuupnious;neid; in. the tube vrouyd the edges vf the, multed sul-, phide, precisely the sane, substauce wpa fius briaped. lee as Powerte Sulphide of antimony likewiso decomposes / stdam with ounsiderable energy ; sulphuretedhydrogisn is ilixengaged afd) an oxyssulphuret! ia formu, Svs, s 2sbs3 which volatalizes’ im the same mensntu'as it i9 proilucady\Moreov or; thia oxy-sulphuret is tormed oaly whenl the -antpide is i. great’ excess; 1 since; hy itself it vill debobipose steam; at a bright redthent, aud watht in this way, probubly, be! eitirely econverted inte an oxide —antimonious acid. © Saljihidevaf arseniciexbibits the skare reactiol as sulphide éf notimdny, deconrposing :'steaincF readily at.a bright red heat, fornitny also. uader thé--saaw, conditiens>anl oxy-sulphuret,! lint! which, ow aceount.of being so readily volutal::}! ized, is ulways mixed witha vast quantity df the sulpbide i in excess, . wed vil ai In view of the foregoing reslifts! Regnault’ comes to the following conelnsion : 2 whht ia arrived: at by the ‘einploy pment! ol) steam Yin” netallurgidal procvssés, int elfeetibnn the’ rditst-! ing! of wuctallic sulphurets, etc.} is*eullicleritly ¢ deinanstruted “by! thie’ forvzoiniel tridds + that “in!) tlils'reerd nothiny is to be . hopid’ for." Tie . : ult of theatmasphere is by fur the ‘ind dstenér-' getic desulphurizer," as’ tay be" ptatisdd priori, without much trouble.” 7 ) 21" ‘Yhe investizations shade: by Bischof,’ in'his laboratory; for “the beiebt! of acictice; "irs! ‘vell as) for the explication of the vurious’ habit of nifierals; etnonstrate ‘that ‘gulyhide” nf lead } and-silver, exposed at a high: hent! té' the’ influ-' edve uf steam, sullered decoinpositied, disengottiny, simaltungodsly, ‘sulplirututlhydrdzen aud sulphurous acid gas, and: Nberatiby thé nigtal (mossy; wite-shaped silver: brahehés).” ake ‘Yo the year 1844" had an" opportubity to}: judge lor mysell, by, \oxpetiments in ‘the laboras tory, thut in the decomposition of metillié stl’ phurets, the sniphide of arsenic, and arsenical ores, was extraordinarily slow, when subsnit. ted to tle actiou of stean/ att theing éntirely4-. excluded, and at -a temperature such : as would be: employed in roasting : pulverized’, ore ufid mast ipa flame furnace; bat when‘the-aiewas adihitted, very tinch quicker, yet fet so. per-) feetly ag when ucted on by the air dloue, . Eix. petiinents ‘were cmude with: Ordinary pynites, ' utS¢nical, cupreous pyrites, * galeiia, blénde, Spieskobait, aud other variously couiposed éres,. such as were 1n part tiéated by lusion at the Freeivarg.works, aad pare lotended . “a 2 gamation. : -t tho -trials' with steam, excluding the’ air: outirely, yery relructory. glass » tubes awerevem. ployed, the ends: of winch were beat }downwards ; whilst for roasting with steam, and a} purtlal admissioa of air, and at the same! time: permitting ‘tbe roastiay to be controlled with its free aditission, ‘ja the ubseace of steam, a porcdlain tube was eaiployed; two! feet lotic, and two inches wide ithe bore. ‘ihe same’ quauitity; 20 gram., of tbe. Substance to. be opcrated on, finely ‘palverized' ore, ‘etc. éopld be:treuted in eadh triali 'I'hé' poreélain_ tdbe. used for roasting with stcam and, the partial, adinission of ait, was uae ‘laid éxuetly horizon: tal, but, sas placed © iu,a, red-hot, furnace; in. clined: at ‘the end,ioto, which tbe durreat ‘of . "steam was to be adaitted. ‘Mhis'ead was’ ‘also, . , so! loosely closed witb a well:fitting stopper, of slightly burnt clay,"‘tbat = aif ‘could enter around “it, only id small quantity, § while steam}: flowed in ‘tbyough a small glass tube: The . other ead was likewise closed with By shoppe of burnt cluy, .huviag a glass: ‘tube ea through it, iu-guch a munner-tbat it could read-s ily be opened: ‘lor the introduction or} ore; etoy' trom time to-time, with a:proper insttuutent: ' The trials of: metallic’ sulphurets witb" ‘steam . alone, employing'as strong” a héat asttbe flags. tube Would safely endit results ; as, those “obtajned . by. the experiments of): Regnault : wheu. .ainu.was, partuully adinitted, the results. attained swore ndt’ inore!favorable ute, developed the same . , ., The tained. =!) bone ude teas {To be Conttnied os ons bi a mor we -2 1 &Welnen iron ani Mining ahd ssesmutine: Press.) ' The Mines of Lower Onlifornia’ Dewar GuiirsrntaMycs presents an interesting field for geological stndy , thero is.n ucwnese ubout its Oppeurnica . ‘vhat would seem to afford . n key, to ite geological formatign. , dts elevation, from.the séa at a ¢om aratively, recent . Petjod is ovident. . Rocks of sedimeutury serics, granitl, gaeiss, and, volenitic, deposits, comprise . ‘almost the. inet strata. i 2 No country of . -tho . ‘same cxtout affords, 2 groitar abnndanen ‘and varicty ‘of minerals, Silver o and gold abound {rom one, to, tho, other . , extremity of the peniusula, Rich. plicorg mae -tho,; latter metal do. not exist, “however, og; the elements lave ae been long, enough at work, ahd t e water’ courses are not of sulficigot, pextout to crente, large alluvial eposits. roh vif 2 BARLIRST SPANISH MINING,. , as te Silver! veins’ of unsarpassed , richness, and extebit’ abound wherever, primary, forjpativas Jacque, ‘One, Manuel, Qxe0, a diseharged soldier appeara.to have heen!ithe firat : ‘persan ‘to. torn ‘his attention to minmg.’ The™ date appears} Somewhat tiheertain 5 bub there's are ‘people now jilive who Femembey to huyo yisiteg, his bacien-, das,nb Tescalama andSanta Ana. Both his stamps‘and : furnace blast wete ' Yin by’ Wwiter’ “polver , ‘tho foriite®’ was ‘gntirely * avepk away. ‘about eighty. years ago by a ‘flood caused, bythe heavy rains of an, equinoctiplistorm ;: thecruins ofthe other hacieoda are still standing. gst . Satta “Aha was! a” miding’ ‘tun’ in, 1769, ‘yell European astrovomers , selected , that . . ce, th obserye ‘the transit: of + Vends:s ‘AAMT . . trades of:ithe mines in that vicinity. worked by, O8eo! have ‘been lost thefe ts°'nd doubt bat’ that he . beedme vely “rich 5 pelt . jis believed, that, oe {in one; “year he ‘paid, as! the ine 8 Gfth; $36,.7 .000, thé produce ‘of his mihés, ‘He was niir-' dered hy his'sérvanté, who ‘robhed him of what, ‘treasure’ ‘tliey could, find, stole his vessel, and embarked for, San. Blas, wherer they were lapadmission of oir r exclatively? . "Pha dscomposi of, tivn of eulpliurets ond arsbnnrets ‘proceeded wt the sluwer as the quantity of air wus dimiu-. ussays of Mr, ished, nnd the quocess cvased ‘ulindst cutlrely enabled (he company to prosecute the work of when nolya woderately red beat was mauir} their miues without calls ; the ore, being depos, et bin’ to work. withoyt expensive machinery: Mazatinn,, muke nilvagced upd the ores, he contidence by that house in the ‘lores, superintendent, huve ited, nt their agency at La Puz us Sngl.as!exeXtracted frem the snines, Alr. Flores Was lorfuuste in selééting “mines ‘having ta re deposits of ores above” ‘tha waterlevel; an Ife employs ouly Mesicun Jahor, at, a low price, und puranes the magst econgmical method of extracting the ores. The company, have been very jrosperous,"'recviving yetitly dividends without nuy ‘paid-np eupital. “Mr. I?., who, besides his sulary, receives a per centage Pa the profits, hus secured a handsouin competeice fot himsell. Their success is abuadnut evidence: that the veiris ure rich, ond’ that mitieral exists in abundanco >: besides; it ‘is estimated: that they lnve et. least 4,000,tons of ore paying Jess than 550 per tou that, ould not ear the cost of transpertation, ‘sul jewaining at their ‘dumps.# gAN FnaNcisco. i ee OPERATION 3. L “ANie ‘Triunfo company’s mines are. ‘on ad nt shing lode, and have even'a gréuter abundanée ot equally-rich ores thatr the Mdsiean company. Vahey have a 10-atunip till, and. profess tora: duce, at a.cost, of less, than, twenty dollars per ton;, yet they ote gaing behin -hani ,, the company isin *debt and’ ‘theit’ éntire property 48 ypotheoated here. They. hud moro'reliable data to-leuleulate /Fésults,than the Mexiéen cumpiay, who. took the first'visk, if tierd syas anys tha, paee ayaa and :pruttical men: could Pa, lorBave. cu. Rm) ay fh) ‘Lhe trouble is, that: San. Francisco . compas nel have Not sought.chere -an . investmeus for capital.:-If:they lave been, déoeived, it is "be‘cause; they, bavefont .mandiged:as .! prudent businesa men-ought. (iiThey havessent here-incompeteut: men, whoi hnve wasted money in «works, that, ore /iworthtess 5 they: ‘have not pros vided. moans to develop thes ‘uipes, but.sent it forward; in. driblets, with directions to get oub ores and gend to.Sun: Francisco, swith the hope of raising:a hreeze to fly’. their: ‘kites, instead -ofi' sending ireliable and conipeteut: (persons; who were ableito estimate the cost necessary to-be incurred to make: their properties paying ‘concerns, and Investing the /amouat as fast as prequired to develop them. (It* is: sale:to esiimate tle support and salories. of superintend. , ‘ents at-25.percent., and vuseless works:at 25 periceuts npre of the: whole:amount expended at miaing; in Lower Oalifornia. nIn: Nevdda the igoorant could learn trom the'experienced, whicb, has never been -the:case here: .Unlesa something. 18 soon done,'the result: will {be a totnt yless of; allithe capital that fag been ins ‘vested by) Sao.;Francisen people. lin this terriprehended and executed. Tt i ‘id Sapposéd ‘a ‘large amounts silver and gold” ‘barg jwhich, hie Pyeare ‘alter . his. ideatht hig son’, arrived; from old Spain, to recover: his sproperty, ‘but’: fouhid ‘the hactendisin? ruinshis nuiherdas! Hanelios dé-. sertcd, and the cattle roaming wild. i eo oplt Was many years Alter, Oseo’s death, before, sore ‘was resumed on the. miues he had. pened; ‘The Iptation’ of one,“ Mina Rica de’ . Oseo," still remains anystery. ‘The mine named . “ Mina Rien," s uated in San Antonio, which: was ingde the! object of spcecnlation in any Francisco in the palniy days. of wild cat,” 1 Known’ tobe ‘later’ and Wortliless aiseorery, now abaudoned, , 7 a Most of the’silver: ea of hak CalifSenda are composed ; iof very réfractory'. sulphurets ; hotwitlistanditg this, tbe mines of San Antonio’ district, dcem.to have cheba’ worked with: considerable: success, and many. persons nequired . . Goosidcrable wealth ‘by extracting ‘the decom. posed surface. ores, which yielded only a por-, tion of the silvér by. the patio amalgamntion ; as: is proved by ‘assay of tbe few bauks of tail, ings ‘that. remained, ) most of which! have been, run inte’ “thé creeks, nnd wastied away By ‘the “yearly re raias. Part,of the town of San Antonio: ig built, on, a. bed of tailings; that assay from’} $30. to $40. per. ton. When i ng, More.arogue, ‘ore’ was to’ be’ found ‘ in the= “vei ns,: such auines: 'éreabandoned. \., : e WLATER MBXIOAN OPEAATIONS, . Th the year, 1856"a'companyiwas formed in’ . Mexico,, and. “experts dispatched” to this, terti}tory fo examiue and ; report upon the uiides. ‘The regult-was that seventeen mines were dis-; ‘covered, ‘and a’ provogua ‘of five, years ranted -to'the explorers.’ ‘Tbe company have worked" but two of ‘these, and’ managed to keep ‘post . Session of the,balance, to the manifest injustice . ‘of the mining eothmunity, for dine YES. yagi othe plaw adopted by tbe Mexican, company. -Hald buried dseijped , their ¥ geareh. Dey Snty-Aug4 . properties, for’ experience’ proves tht they, of tory itis useless for interested persons, igno! “‘ront of mining,’ to come there to -éxamine’ their all persons, are the casiest humbugged.:: There inre. many yaluuble mining properties. inthis ).peninsulaewaed.jmiSan Francisco): that: are worth far more money than ever bas been expended upon them. ‘They would sell at a ‘good price/ieither'in the East or Europe; but not whea represented by persoas who have. fuiled,to work anything out of ,them. ,,, There appears! butt ‘one, feasible. course, and. thatis for the various companies to ‘juin in: the expense, wot sending a person of known expericuce and capacity "td; examine their _ properties, and, ‘point Gut tbe' proper mode of teens with’ ‘dn estimate ol the Gost. . . 'The-mode, adopted by~ the “Mexican . com! . pany is not . cited ag tbe best or! most advan. tagedus method of ‘workiug windsor. devclopiug their, value, though conlessed to be the most, economnical sto, secure at asmail outln ‘profit-: able rethros.”’ "Bat! ‘of this fact the Sad’ "Pian: . cisco companies moy rest: ‘agsured;: there ate: lew, if. anyimines in Lower California con-’ ‘taining ore “of sufficient richness to. pay, ‘thé, cost of “working steam mechinery to develop ‘them, and resort, to. exporting. ‘their ores’ for’ . retarns, which always involves ‘a loss of all . mineral of less value than.$50 per ton ji and: over $80 when exported to Europe,. via “San Francisco, as“has alieady been the, cuse . ‘with, some companies. Tt is well) known that-ores of Tess value: Bhan .-b00-not omy coastitate the bulk, but are above the averige. yaltio of vei ‘only in Gower Califori ores of léhis elugs arotl with them sure. * What? this country requires., is competent rienced miners, and , the: erection of extensive, reduction .works, with, sufficient ca‘pacity to, reduce the'ores at’ fedsonable ' expense. There are now safety ats ae toinsure employment to a 100-sté ves are allowed to be exported by, a) license; of the Government, which expires when. beneficiatory works aré erected,.the necessity of which is so wel i: understood that ° ‘important coacessions a Pee) here away, Enh go 28 Ms) :was to sbip their ores to Freibarg for reduction. toil, exclusive of the cost of” ininiug. tban when tbe trials were conducted uader tbe ‘Lois is done db, an expense, of, about $50 per,), prove. lucrative, beyond a, ‘doubt. Lhe Hamburg house of G. R. Muller & Co.,! abundant as in any other part of the world,the could easily be obtained by patties bdertakiog to evect? them. Such an inv: tient, would he, mines here arc as extensive and the ore ns rich and only thing that retards their prosperity i ig their refractory character. When this difficulty is overcome here, ny it has been elaewhere, Lower Calitoruia will -rank. second to. no» other Ininlag country. The cost of transporting machinery from San Francisco to the vicinity of the jnines does not exceed $30 per ton. This nndjother facilities inust at no very distant day cauge the mines of this peninsula to become favorite investments for amining operators. Besides the Sun Antonia and Triunfo niining districts, there lave been some ‘very rich unre 3 opened in the district of Cacachilla. These veius, although but a few miles. distant from San Antonio, aad-in the continuation of the sume rango, yield ores of-a «different qudlity, and richer and much less refractory. ‘The most famous mioes in this district, are the El ‘Tesbro and San ,Rufnel; both are controlled by Sun Francisee companies, and uufortnnately sabjocted to the same disastrons’ i aRGLOBICAL. The geologicn! choracter of the mining as: tricts of Sun Antonio ond ‘l'riunfo,"is gneiss, passing into wicn slatn. ‘That: ‘oF Cucnchilla, grauite intersected with elyap courses of ted porphyry. The genernl courge gf the mountain ranges is southeast and noithwest, and that, of the veins from north to south, sometimes varying to a litfle‘east of north’ nod west of south. Besides the two main veins of Sac Antonio and ‘I'riunfo, there” are uumerous other parallél iddés. The continuation of this metalliferous range is to be traced through several islands of the Galf_ of., California, Jan Jose, Sauta Cruz, Catalan, bod Carmen ‘Island, the latter of which, besides its ¢ copper veins, which are highly aurilergus,, and argentilérous, is celebrated for its well knewn and extensive salinos, which has been caused by the blockiag up of un éxteasive estero, and’ the subséquent evaporation ‘Of, the, 'galtswatet, Which is constantly supplied by infiltration throngh ‘the pordus materials of, which the embankment is composed. ‘Vhe mountain masses of this island appear to be composed of ‘indurated sandstone; the others are granite, and besides argentilerous ores, . contain © some “extensive veins of iron, toy t AVIADOR. » athe € vit Catia. willys tel ‘Mining in Montana, A correspondent of the Virgiaia. City Enterprise, writing from * Helena City, Montape Territory, January 21st, 1866, saya: This Territory has, without an exception ‘tie’ largest scopo of minernl land on the Eastern ‘Slope of the Rocky Mountains, and in places i itis very rich in gold placers, but although the country is extensive aad very rich in places, and Iam already out here with grub enough to last until May, yet I earnestly wish myself back in VIrgivia. A man, if‘be takes’ his chance out here and escapes being frozen ‘or starved to desth, has one chance’ in ten'to get a good claim in the spring, and if.he, is a business man he has five chances in ten to make a: fortune, ‘and a big ane too. But-if hé depends on, matiual labor he has‘got* to work at from six ‘to ten dollars per day for about seven mouths in the year, and the remajning.five months. chole up like a bear and eat.up what he has‘earned during the seven laboring mouths: If heis lucky enough to make'a new discovery’ ‘héehas itis pile jn three months, Bannock City is “thé oldest mining. town in the Territory, and is noted for. quartz,::there being several good :lodes: discovered at’ that place ; but ns yet-thereis-‘no be aa on any of them except:‘one water mill ind a’ fet, arastras.) Alder Creek i is sevent; @, miles east from! Baanock ; jt is fourteen, miles. Jong and is very rich. On, the way up it has fourtowns on ii viz: Junction, Nevada City, “Virginia City, ‘and Sumauit City. There is’ a ‘great deal of money comes out of this creék. ‘There, are also several Pood’ quartz Todes’ being worked in this vicinity which generally pay well. One bundred aad thirty miles north of Virginia Citylis Helena City, atthe: mouth “of Last Chance Gulch, which'is seven miles long and very rich. This is fifteen miles from the Mis-. souri river. East of the. river is Confederate Gulch, some eight.or ten tailes. ‘ong, and ag far as it) has been tested is.very'tich. . Northwest of Helena, forty miles, is'the Black Foot River minds, some of whieh ? are extremely. rich. Me(lellan Gulch is the’ fichest i in the Territory, but is only a short, gulch of four-or five: miles in length. It is ramored that the Yellowstone and ig Hora rivers: and: the’ mountains: they drain ure also rich in” placers; quartz: lodés and gold. mines, But the winters are perfectly frightful. Only thin we have, ‘already . had ten days at a time this winter that mercury lay frozen solid in .the: mereurial tubes’ of the thermometers. ce elienne the prices of grocdsies here are . bxtravagantly high}; flour is from $25 to'$35 per 100 pouuds ; bacon, 75 cents per pound ; butter, 2 .per pound ; sugar, 60@@80.cents. per pound ;. potatoes, $25 per 100 pounds, and vegetables 3 all kinds i in proportion ; beef, 20 to 30 cents per pound.

Tanne see ‘Biining and Scieutifie Leesa, __ __“'99 This last in its turn necesy wtigily« reacts aq the aulphareted hydrogen, decasiuning’ the precipitation uf the sulphur, and thus produced the milky appearayes in the conteuts. of tbe tub. _ Sulphide of quicksilver (cinuabar). volatalizes wben sabmitted to a current ol stedon, and ip decoumposei with cousiderahle cuerzy, Much: sniphureted lydrogente set free, nnd the volutalized amtier Yecomes black, coutaming, interaingled through it, sinnll. globules of mercury. ‘The prodagts are also annlagous tu those formed by the reactipus of galeuts. >, . Sulplute of silver dqcomiposes steam with almest the game eneryy, submitted to tha wae conditions, us gnlena, .‘Vlio diasngngement of sulpbureted hydrygen. was very aoteble, and at the termination of the expurient, the, ule phide of silver being amelted iu bbe tube, wus coveryd oa its, surfice with metullic ailvers in i Sulphide ol antimony, heated ander a our-l. , rent of steani,, egulvys, nw deus, fyrmatianidt sulphareted hydrogen. ut the same tine condvusing, mt the. geuviver on. large + quantity of ga orange yelloy “RUDETNUC) 4 resell, bling greatly Ung ygulphide . of yutimeny: oh: taiaed in the wet avay, shyt, compused uf, sul§ phide of antingay and untuupnious;neid; in. the tube vrouyd the edges vf the, multed sul-, phide, precisely the sane, substauce wpa fius briaped. lee as Powerte Sulphide of antimony likewiso decomposes / stdam with ounsiderable energy ; sulphuretedhydrogisn is ilixengaged afd) an oxyssulphuret! ia formu, Svs, s 2sbs3 which volatalizes’ im the same mensntu'as it i9 proilucady\Moreov or; thia oxy-sulphuret is tormed oaly whenl the -antpide is i. great’ excess; 1 since; hy itself it vill debobipose steam; at a bright redthent, aud watht in this way, probubly, be! eitirely econverted inte an oxide —antimonious acid. © Saljihidevaf arseniciexbibits the skare reactiol as sulphide éf notimdny, deconrposing :'steaincF readily at.a bright red heat, fornitny also. uader thé--saaw, conditiens>anl oxy-sulphuret,! lint! which, ow aceount.of being so readily volutal::}! ized, is ulways mixed witha vast quantity df the sulpbide i in excess, . wed vil ai In view of the foregoing reslifts! Regnault’ comes to the following conelnsion : 2 whht ia arrived: at by the ‘einploy pment! ol) steam Yin” netallurgidal procvssés, int elfeetibnn the’ rditst-! ing! of wuctallic sulphurets, etc.} is*eullicleritly ¢ deinanstruted “by! thie’ forvzoiniel tridds + that “in!) tlils'reerd nothiny is to be . hopid’ for." Tie . : ult of theatmasphere is by fur the ‘ind dstenér-' getic desulphurizer," as’ tay be" ptatisdd priori, without much trouble.” 7 ) 21" ‘Yhe investizations shade: by Bischof,’ in'his laboratory; for “the beiebt! of acictice; "irs! ‘vell as) for the explication of the vurious’ habit of nifierals; etnonstrate ‘that ‘gulyhide” nf lead } and-silver, exposed at a high: hent! té' the’ influ-' edve uf steam, sullered decoinpositied, disengottiny, simaltungodsly, ‘sulplirututlhydrdzen aud sulphurous acid gas, and: Nberatiby thé nigtal (mossy; wite-shaped silver: brahehés).” ake ‘Yo the year 1844" had an" opportubity to}: judge lor mysell, by, \oxpetiments in ‘the laboras tory, thut in the decomposition of metillié stl’ phurets, the sniphide of arsenic, and arsenical ores, was extraordinarily slow, when subsnit. ted to tle actiou of stean/ att theing éntirely4-. excluded, and at -a temperature such : as would be: employed in roasting : pulverized’, ore ufid mast ipa flame furnace; bat when‘the-aiewas adihitted, very tinch quicker, yet fet so. per-) feetly ag when ucted on by the air dloue, . Eix. petiinents ‘were cmude with: Ordinary pynites, ' utS¢nical, cupreous pyrites, * galeiia, blénde, Spieskobait, aud other variously couiposed éres,. such as were 1n part tiéated by lusion at the Freeivarg.works, aad pare lotended . “a 2 gamation. : -t tho -trials' with steam, excluding the’ air: outirely, yery relructory. glass » tubes awerevem. ployed, the ends: of winch were beat }downwards ; whilst for roasting with steam, and a} purtlal admissioa of air, and at the same! time: permitting ‘tbe roastiay to be controlled with its free aditission, ‘ja the ubseace of steam, a porcdlain tube was eaiployed; two! feet lotic, and two inches wide ithe bore. ‘ihe same’ quauitity; 20 gram., of tbe. Substance to. be opcrated on, finely ‘palverized' ore, ‘etc. éopld be:treuted in eadh triali 'I'hé' poreélain_ tdbe. used for roasting with stcam and, the partial, adinission of ait, was uae ‘laid éxuetly horizon: tal, but, sas placed © iu,a, red-hot, furnace; in. clined: at ‘the end,ioto, which tbe durreat ‘of . "steam was to be adaitted. ‘Mhis'ead was’ ‘also, . , so! loosely closed witb a well:fitting stopper, of slightly burnt clay,"‘tbat = aif ‘could enter around “it, only id small quantity, § while steam}: flowed in ‘tbyough a small glass tube: The . other ead was likewise closed with By shoppe of burnt cluy, .huviag a glass: ‘tube ea through it, iu-guch a munner-tbat it could read-s ily be opened: ‘lor the introduction or} ore; etoy' trom time to-time, with a:proper insttuutent: ' The trials of: metallic’ sulphurets witb" ‘steam . alone, employing'as strong” a héat asttbe flags. tube Would safely endit results ; as, those “obtajned . by. the experiments of): Regnault : wheu. .ainu.was, partuully adinitted, the results. attained swore ndt’ inore!favorable ute, developed the same . , ., The tained. =!) bone ude teas {To be Conttnied os ons bi a mor we -2 1 &Welnen iron ani Mining ahd ssesmutine: Press.) ' The Mines of Lower Onlifornia’ Dewar GuiirsrntaMycs presents an interesting field for geological stndy , thero is.n ucwnese ubout its Oppeurnica . ‘vhat would seem to afford . n key, to ite geological formatign. , dts elevation, from.the séa at a ¢om aratively, recent . Petjod is ovident. . Rocks of sedimeutury serics, granitl, gaeiss, and, volenitic, deposits, comprise . ‘almost the. inet strata. i 2 No country of . -tho . ‘same cxtout affords, 2 groitar abnndanen ‘and varicty ‘of minerals, Silver o and gold abound {rom one, to, tho, other . , extremity of the peniusula, Rich. plicorg mae -tho,; latter metal do. not exist, “however, og; the elements lave ae been long, enough at work, ahd t e water’ courses are not of sulficigot, pextout to crente, large alluvial eposits. roh vif 2 BARLIRST SPANISH MINING,. , as te Silver! veins’ of unsarpassed , richness, and extebit’ abound wherever, primary, forjpativas Jacque, ‘One, Manuel, Qxe0, a diseharged soldier appeara.to have heen!ithe firat : ‘persan ‘to. torn ‘his attention to minmg.’ The™ date appears} Somewhat tiheertain 5 bub there's are ‘people now jilive who Femembey to huyo yisiteg, his bacien-, das,nb Tescalama andSanta Ana. Both his stamps‘and : furnace blast wete ' Yin by’ Wwiter’ “polver , ‘tho foriite®’ was ‘gntirely * avepk away. ‘about eighty. years ago by a ‘flood caused, bythe heavy rains of an, equinoctiplistorm ;: thecruins ofthe other hacieoda are still standing. gst . Satta “Aha was! a” miding’ ‘tun’ in, 1769, ‘yell European astrovomers , selected , that . . ce, th obserye ‘the transit: of + Vends:s ‘AAMT . . trades of:ithe mines in that vicinity. worked by, O8eo! have ‘been lost thefe ts°'nd doubt bat’ that he . beedme vely “rich 5 pelt . jis believed, that, oe {in one; “year he ‘paid, as! the ine 8 Gfth; $36,.7 .000, thé produce ‘of his mihés, ‘He was niir-' dered hy his'sérvanté, who ‘robhed him of what, ‘treasure’ ‘tliey could, find, stole his vessel, and embarked for, San. Blas, wherer they were lapadmission of oir r exclatively? . "Pha dscomposi of, tivn of eulpliurets ond arsbnnrets ‘proceeded wt the sluwer as the quantity of air wus dimiu-. ussays of Mr, ished, nnd the quocess cvased ‘ulindst cutlrely enabled (he company to prosecute the work of when nolya woderately red beat was mauir} their miues without calls ; the ore, being depos, et bin’ to work. withoyt expensive machinery: Mazatinn,, muke nilvagced upd the ores, he contidence by that house in the ‘lores, superintendent, huve ited, nt their agency at La Puz us Sngl.as!exeXtracted frem the snines, Alr. Flores Was lorfuuste in selééting “mines ‘having ta re deposits of ores above” ‘tha waterlevel; an Ife employs ouly Mesicun Jahor, at, a low price, und puranes the magst econgmical method of extracting the ores. The company, have been very jrosperous,"'recviving yetitly dividends without nuy ‘paid-np eupital. “Mr. I?., who, besides his sulary, receives a per centage Pa the profits, hus secured a handsouin competeice fot himsell. Their success is abuadnut evidence: that the veiris ure rich, ond’ that mitieral exists in abundanco >: besides; it ‘is estimated: that they lnve et. least 4,000,tons of ore paying Jess than 550 per tou that, ould not ear the cost of transpertation, ‘sul jewaining at their ‘dumps.# gAN FnaNcisco. i ee OPERATION 3. L “ANie ‘Triunfo company’s mines are. ‘on ad nt shing lode, and have even'a gréuter abundanée ot equally-rich ores thatr the Mdsiean company. Vahey have a 10-atunip till, and. profess tora: duce, at a.cost, of less, than, twenty dollars per ton;, yet they ote gaing behin -hani ,, the company isin *debt and’ ‘theit’ éntire property 48 ypotheoated here. They. hud moro'reliable data to-leuleulate /Fésults,than the Mexiéen cumpiay, who. took the first'visk, if tierd syas anys tha, paee ayaa and :pruttical men: could Pa, lorBave. cu. Rm) ay fh) ‘Lhe trouble is, that: San. Francisco . compas nel have Not sought.chere -an . investmeus for capital.:-If:they lave been, déoeived, it is "be‘cause; they, bavefont .mandiged:as .! prudent businesa men-ought. (iiThey havessent here-incompeteut: men, whoi hnve wasted money in «works, that, ore /iworthtess 5 they: ‘have not pros vided. moans to develop thes ‘uipes, but.sent it forward; in. driblets, with directions to get oub ores and gend to.Sun: Francisco, swith the hope of raising:a hreeze to fly’. their: ‘kites, instead -ofi' sending ireliable and conipeteut: (persons; who were ableito estimate the cost necessary to-be incurred to make: their properties paying ‘concerns, and Investing the /amouat as fast as prequired to develop them. (It* is: sale:to esiimate tle support and salories. of superintend. , ‘ents at-25.percent., and vuseless works:at 25 periceuts npre of the: whole:amount expended at miaing; in Lower Oalifornia. nIn: Nevdda

the igoorant could learn trom the'experienced, whicb, has never been -the:case here: .Unlesa something. 18 soon done,'the result: will {be a totnt yless of; allithe capital that fag been ins ‘vested by) Sao.;Francisen people. lin this terriprehended and executed. Tt i ‘id Sapposéd ‘a ‘large amounts silver and gold” ‘barg jwhich, hie Pyeare ‘alter . his. ideatht hig son’, arrived; from old Spain, to recover: his sproperty, ‘but’: fouhid ‘the hactendisin? ruinshis nuiherdas! Hanelios dé-. sertcd, and the cattle roaming wild. i eo oplt Was many years Alter, Oseo’s death, before, sore ‘was resumed on the. miues he had. pened; ‘The Iptation’ of one,“ Mina Rica de’ . Oseo," still remains anystery. ‘The mine named . “ Mina Rien," s uated in San Antonio, which: was ingde the! object of spcecnlation in any Francisco in the palniy days. of wild cat,” 1 Known’ tobe ‘later’ and Wortliless aiseorery, now abaudoned, , 7 a Most of the’silver: ea of hak CalifSenda are composed ; iof very réfractory'. sulphurets ; hotwitlistanditg this, tbe mines of San Antonio’ district, dcem.to have cheba’ worked with: considerable: success, and many. persons nequired . . Goosidcrable wealth ‘by extracting ‘the decom. posed surface. ores, which yielded only a por-, tion of the silvér by. the patio amalgamntion ; as: is proved by ‘assay of tbe few bauks of tail, ings ‘that. remained, ) most of which! have been, run inte’ “thé creeks, nnd wastied away By ‘the “yearly re raias. Part,of the town of San Antonio: ig built, on, a. bed of tailings; that assay from’} $30. to $40. per. ton.. When i ng, More.arogue, ‘ore’ was to’ be’ found ‘ in the= “vei ns,: such auines: 'éreabandoned. \., : e WLATER MBXIOAN OPEAATIONS, . Th the year, 1856"a'companyiwas formed in’ . Mexico,, and. “experts dispatched” to this, terti}tory fo examiue and ; report upon the uiides. ‘The regult-was that seventeen mines were dis-; ‘covered, ‘and a’ provogua ‘of five, years ranted -to'the explorers.’ ‘Tbe company have worked" but two of ‘these, and’ managed to keep ‘post . Session of the,balance, to the manifest injustice . ‘of the mining eothmunity, for dine YES. yagi othe plaw adopted by tbe Mexican, company. -Hald buried dseijped , their ¥ geareh. Dey Snty-Aug4 . properties, for’ experience’ proves tht they, of tory itis useless for interested persons, igno! “‘ront of mining,’ to come there to -éxamine’ their all persons, are the casiest humbugged.:: There inre. many yaluuble mining properties. inthis ).peninsulaewaed.jmiSan Francisco): that: are worth far more money than ever bas been expended upon them. ‘They would sell at a ‘good price/ieither'in the East or Europe; but not whea represented by persoas who have. fuiled,to work anything out of ,them. ,,, There appears! butt ‘one, feasible. course, and. thatis for the various companies to ‘juin in: the expense, wot sending a person of known expericuce and capacity "td; examine their _ properties, and, ‘point Gut tbe' proper mode of teens with’ ‘dn estimate ol the Gost. . .. 'The-mode, adopted by~ the “Mexican . com! . pany is not . cited ag tbe best or! most advan. tagedus method of ‘workiug windsor. devclopiug their, value, though conlessed to be the most, economnical sto, secure at asmail outln ‘profit-: able rethros.”’ "Bat! ‘of this fact the Sad’ "Pian: . cisco companies moy rest: ‘agsured;: there ate: lew, if. anyimines in Lower California con-’ ‘taining ore “of sufficient richness to. pay, ‘thé, cost of “working steam mechinery to develop ‘them, and resort, to. exporting. ‘their ores’ for’ . retarns, which always involves ‘a loss of all . mineral of less value than.$50 per ton ji and: over $80 when exported to Europe,. via “San Francisco, as“has alieady been the, cuse . ‘with, some companies. Tt is well) known that-ores of Tess value: Bhan .-b00-not omy coastitate the bulk, but are above the averige. yaltio of vei ‘only in Gower Califori ores of léhis elugs arotl with them sure. * What? this country requires., is competent rienced miners, and , the: erection of extensive, reduction .works, with, sufficient ca‘pacity to, reduce the'ores at’ fedsonable ' expense. There are now safety ats ae toinsure employment to a 100-sté ves are allowed to be exported by, a) license; of the Government, which expires when. beneficiatory works aré erected,.the necessity of which is so wel i: understood that ° ‘important coacessions a Pee) here away, Enh go 28 Ms) :was to sbip their ores to Freibarg for reduction. toil, exclusive of the cost of” ininiug. tban when tbe trials were conducted uader tbe ‘Lois is done db, an expense, of, about $50 per,), prove. lucrative, beyond a, ‘doubt. Lhe Hamburg house of G. R. Muller & Co.,! abundant as in any other part of the world,the could easily be obtained by patties bdertakiog to evect? them. Such an inv: tient, would he, mines here arc as extensive and the ore ns rich and only thing that retards their prosperity i ig their refractory character. When this difficulty is overcome here, ny it has been elaewhere, Lower Calitoruia will -rank. second to. no» other Ininlag country. The cost of transporting machinery from San Francisco to the vicinity of the jnines does not exceed $30 per ton. This nndjother facilities inust at no very distant day cauge the mines of this peninsula to become favorite investments for amining operators. Besides the Sun Antonia and Triunfo niining districts, there lave been some ‘very rich unre 3 opened in the district of Cacachilla. These veius, although but a few miles. distant from San Antonio, aad-in the continuation of the sume rango, yield ores of-a «different qudlity, and richer and much less refractory. ‘The most famous mioes in this district, are the El ‘Tesbro and San ,Rufnel; both are controlled by Sun Francisee companies, and uufortnnately sabjocted to the same disastrons’ i aRGLOBICAL. The geologicn! choracter of the mining as: tricts of Sun Antonio ond ‘l'riunfo,"is gneiss, passing into wicn slatn. ‘That: ‘oF Cucnchilla, grauite intersected with elyap courses of ted porphyry. The genernl courge gf the mountain ranges is southeast and noithwest, and that, of the veins from north to south, sometimes varying to a litfle‘east of north’ nod west of south. Besides the two main veins of Sac Antonio and ‘I'riunfo, there” are uumerous other parallél iddés. The continuation of this metalliferous range is to be traced through several islands of the Galf_ of., California, Jan Jose, Sauta Cruz, Catalan, bod Carmen ‘Island, the latter of which, besides its ¢ copper veins, which are highly aurilergus,, and argentilérous, is celebrated for its well knewn and extensive salinos, which has been caused by the blockiag up of un éxteasive estero, and’ the subséquent evaporation ‘Of, the, 'galtswatet, Which is constantly supplied by infiltration throngh ‘the pordus materials of, which the embankment is composed. ‘Vhe mountain masses of this island appear to be composed of ‘indurated sandstone; the others are granite, and besides argentilerous ores, . contain © some “extensive veins of iron, toy t AVIADOR. » athe € vit Catia. willys tel ‘Mining in Montana, A correspondent of the Virgiaia. City Enterprise, writing from * Helena City, Montape Territory, January 21st, 1866, saya: This Territory has, without an exception ‘tie’ largest scopo of minernl land on the Eastern ‘Slope of the Rocky Mountains, and in places i itis very rich in gold placers, but although the country is extensive aad very rich in places, and Iam already out here with grub enough to last until May, yet I earnestly wish myself back in VIrgivia. A man, if‘be takes’ his chance out here and escapes being frozen ‘or starved to desth, has one chance’ in ten'to get a good claim in the spring, and if.he, is a business man he has five chances in ten to make a: fortune, ‘and a big ane too. But-if hé depends on, matiual labor he has‘got* to work at from six ‘to ten dollars per day for about seven mouths in the year, and the remajning.five months. chole up like a bear and eat.up what he has‘earned during the seven laboring mouths: If heis lucky enough to make'a new discovery’ ‘héehas itis pile jn three months, Bannock City is “thé oldest mining. town in the Territory, and is noted for. quartz,::there being several good :lodes: discovered at’ that place ; but ns yet-thereis-‘no be aa on any of them except:‘one water mill ind a’ fet, arastras.) Alder Creek i is sevent; @, miles east from! Baanock ; jt is fourteen, miles. Jong and is very rich. On, the way up it has fourtowns on ii viz: Junction, Nevada City, “Virginia City, ‘and Sumauit City. There is’ a ‘great deal of money comes out of this creék. ‘There, are also several Pood’ quartz Todes’ being worked in this vicinity which generally pay well. One bundred aad thirty miles north of Virginia Citylis Helena City, atthe: mouth “of Last Chance Gulch, which'is seven miles long and very rich. This is fifteen miles from the Mis-. souri river. East of the. river is Confederate Gulch, some eight.or ten tailes. ‘ong, and ag far as it) has been tested is.very'tich. . Northwest of Helena, forty miles, is'the Black Foot River minds, some of whieh ? are extremely. rich. Me(lellan Gulch is the’ fichest i in the Territory, but is only a short, gulch of four-or five: miles in length. It is ramored that the Yellowstone and ig Hora rivers: and: the’ mountains: they drain ure also rich in” placers; quartz: lodés and gold. mines, But the winters are perfectly frightful. Only thin we have, ‘already . had ten days at a time this winter that mercury lay frozen solid in .the: mereurial tubes’ of the thermometers. ce elienne the prices of grocdsies here are . bxtravagantly high}; flour is from $25 to'$35 per 100 pouuds ; bacon, 75 cents per pound ; butter, 2 .per pound ; sugar, 60@@80.cents. per pound ;. potatoes, $25 per 100 pounds, and vegetables 3 all kinds i in proportion ; beef, 20 to 30 cents per pound.