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Te
HR 9
an
“Gt. It amounts to 20.488 seconds of aro,
' founders of astronomy.
__Jength with one of the recent-measures
. Sun, every one of them would end in the
“consequence of the fact that we are look-fu the calculated distance of
VOL. LXVI--NO. 10307
NEVADA CITY, CALIFORNIA. FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 15, 1894,
Established Sept. 6, 1860, by N. P. Brown & Co,
HOW FAR 18 THE SON
NEW LIGHT WHICH HASBEEN ehabine
ON THE PROBLEM.
Results of Observations Made by the Coast
Survey at the Sandwich Islands—The Distance to the Sun Is Something Like ‘Ninety-five Million Miles, More or Less.
A little new light has recently been
thrown on the problem of the distance
of the sun. This is the great yardstick
of astronomy. For more than a century
every effort has been made to asccrtain
the distance as accurately as possible.
Methods direct and indirect have been
employed. Considering the fact that the’ ~
knowledge thus sedulously pursued can
serve no utilitarian purpose, the generous expenditure in the pursuit does
credit to the intellectual aspirations of
the human race. From the time of Captain Cogk’s expedition to the Society islands to qbscrve the transit of Verius in
1769 until the present day millions of
dollars have been spent in this effort to
drop 'a sounding lino to thé sun.
Copernicus believed that the sun was
“not more than 5,000,000 miles away.
There were philosophers before the
Christian era who knew as much as
that. For several years past we have
been assured that the distance could not
be far from 92,800,000 miles’ But almost a century ago Laplace assumed a
parallax for the sun which gave almost
exactly that distance. Since his time
various astronomers. have attacked the
problem, and their results have varied
from “91,000,000 to 95,250,000 ‘miles,
the difference between these extreme es-.
timates being nearly as great as the entire distance was believed to be*by the
Yet these facts carry no challenge to
the soundness of modern astronomical
methods or the substantial correctness of
the results attained by them. The distance of the sun is not yet known with
absolute accuracy, for the same reason
that the height of Mount St. Elias or of
Mount Everest has not yet been exactly
ascertained. But the limits of error are
known, and in the future we shall not
see estimates of the sun’s distance varying by millions*of miles. If a series of
wires should be cut, each agreeing in
of the solar parallax,-and-all should then
be stretched from the earth toward the
sun, though none might stop precisely
at its center.
As to the recent light upon this problem, it is furnished by the result@s f observations by the United States coast survey at the Sandwich Islands to determine the constant of aberration of the
stars. .By this is meant the amount of
displatement that the stars undergo in
ing at them from a globe which is not
standing still, but is moving in an orbit
around the sun at. the rate of about 184] ~
miles in a second. Light travels “186,880 miles in-a second. “The ratio of the
velocity of the flying earth to that of
lighé measures the displacement in the
position of the stars that. is called their
aberration. -But; manifestly, if we can
learn precisely how far the earth travels
in @ second, we shall know just how
long its orbitis. We know that the earth
“takes one your, of, mbré otactly; 81,568,-.
150 seconds, to go once around ‘that orbit. If, then, we can find out.with rigorous accuracy how far it goes in a second, we can at once calculate not only
the length of the orbit, but the distance
of the sun, which depends directly upon
the size of the orbit. Of course allowance must be made for the fact that the
Srbit, instead of being a circle, is an
ellipse, and that consequently the earth’s
rate of traveling varies a little. But
mathematics take care of that.
Now, we have seen that the displacement, or aberration, of the stars furnishes a.means of determining the ratio
of the earth’s velocity in its orbit to the
known velocity of light. If that aberration is accurately measured, it must
give, by a simple caloulation, the velocity of the earth and the distance of the
‘sun. The aberration as ascertained at
the Sandwich Islands is slightly smaller
than previous measurements had made
This gives for the average tooo A
the earth in its orbit 18.4582 miles in.a
second, and for the distance of the sun
92,709,000 miles. Thedistance derived
from the observation of the transit of
Venus in 1874 was about 620,000 miles
less than this, while that calculated
from the transit of 1882 was about 190,000 miles greater. But Laplace’s value
of the solar parallax, adopted by him in
1799, gives a distance differing by only
80,000 or 90,000 miles from that shown
by the calculation based on the new
constant of aberration. -—So Laplace wag
probably nearer to the truth than many
of the later astronomers have been.
It is evident that the final solution of
the great problem has not even yet been
obtained. There is an uncertainty of
perhaps as much as 100,000 miles still
remaining. Since the distance of the
sun forms a base line for calculating the
distance of the stars, an error of ‘100,000 .
niiles in that*base line would make a
difference of nearly 30,000, 000, 000 miles
nearest
fixed star in the sky. ag Abate oo
tronomers-of the future,then, to’ determine the real dimensions of the universa, if they can. For our part, we
yond the power of imagination to conSPRING —
GREETING.
Come Early and Don’t Get Left.
I am going to sell Goods this Spring
by the Irresistible Power of Low Prices.
KRKKEKKKKKAAKEKARKKERKEKKRKKKKEK:
Read Our List of Bargains. —
‘Every Department Complete.
RRRKA KKK kK KR RRR KKKEKEKREREER
BARGAINS! BARGAINS! BARGAINS!
Read Them.
MEN’S. SUITINGS—=—Round Cut, Square Cut, Cut-a-Ways.
Wopbpy, Stylish and Neat.
Three lines of Men’s-Suits $5; worth $10.
Four lines of Men’s Suits $8; worth $12.
Three lines of Men’s Suits $10; good value at $14.
Five lines of Men’s Suits $12; reduced from $17 50.
Dress Suits reduced to low figures.
Just. received from the East, a large invoige of Boys’ Stylish Knee Suits—latest cuts
and latest pattern. I offer same at’ astonishingly low prices,
$2 50. to $6 00 will buy an All-Wool Suit. The latest. Don’t miss this chance.
Parents, bring your boys in my store and buy them one of my stylishlong-pants suits I
offer for $6, $7, $8 and $9. ou will save money. =
I buy all my goods for Cash, direct from the factory,
ing jobbers, I make that gain yours.
I have secured the Sole Agency of the Largest Hat Manufac—
turing Establishment in America.
Extra values in Hard Hats.
Ask to see my $2 50 Derby—latest style.
Fedoras reduced to $1 50.
Stylish Boys’ Hats, Fedora shape, reduced ‘to 75 cents.
Call and inspect my new stylish line of Shirtings justont. First to receive, first
to offer. Stanley. make, they go at $1. Madras, 50-cents, 75 cents and $1
An elegant line of Negligee Shirts—new and nobby.
Neckwear in all Styles and Shades.
Twenty dozen Scarfs worth 50 cents reduced to 25 cents,
25 dozen Windsor Scarfs—they go at 25 cents,
Fancy Bows, all shades,
thereby saving the expense paya
It will convince you I am the leader in Styles and Fashions.
‘Do not overlook the fact that I have invoiced a large stock of Gents’, Ladies’, Misses’,
and Children’s Shoes.
I offer Gents’ Mule Skin Shoes for $2 50, best value in America,
My $3 50 Kangaroo Goods are bargains. Hand Sewed. ‘Try them.
Ten dozen Ladies’ Cloth, Top Kid—they go at $1 75.
25 dozen Dongola Kid, worth $3, they go at $2.
Children’s Pebble and Kid $1 25 to $1 75. Correct Styles and Shapes. All sizes
and widths. = ;
oe SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO COUNTRY ORDERS. gy
CITIZENS BANK
BROAD STREET, = NEVADA CITY
GRADUATES’ BALL.
= $50,000] —
NEVADA CITY HIGH SCHOOL.
CAPITAL PAID UP, =
We issué Sight Drafts payable in
: ONEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO,
.SACRAMENTO. A e
Exch e payable at sight in the ,
Ae ited elthes or Gres Britain and Europe. ARMORY HALL,
Collections on any part of the United States a
specialty.
Highest price paid for County and State Warants.
Gold and Silver Bullion purchased.
Assay Office at the Bank.
Friday Evening, Jane 29th, °94.
OFFICERS: : Floor Director,.... J. M. Hussey.
&.M. HUNT.. as aoe VICE Les Smt oomome
Sodas vcas bce ues 2) CO
DET MORGAN, AsesGsentsn ondlnds FLOOR COMMITTEK ;
-_— G, J, Rector, G. M, Noyes,
DIRECTORS: © Mouakn L, A. Garthe. Ralph Gaylord,
ps. R. M. Hunt, OuN T. Ralph Webber MM. Basch a
. Hvexn D, EB. Monean, ’ ’ ‘
p poky Seinen L. Houseman, George Barton, W. H. Smith, Jr,
5. M. Passron,
New Yori—Npueunt eee 0. North Ane-. Tickets, per couple, $1. Extra Ladies,
ri
25 cents. . Admittance to Gallery, Ladies,
a
Ed ere, ek et Be bo 25 cents ; Gentlemen, 50 cents.
C
Sacvakheuios Matloual Bank of D. 0. Mills
, ee for Grass Valley can be transacted with advantage at this city,
DR. .N. E. CHAPMAN,
Dentist.
NEVADA CITY,
Local Anesthetics if desired.
Office at the residence on Sacramento street,
A New and Beautiful.. .
G SWEET BRIER CAMP.
Castie Crags & Mt. Shasta, mse
a ee CAL
Pastor of the First Congregational
Church, Oakland, says of it :
Haze. Creex, April 14, 1894.
I am more than pleased with it—
MT. ORO LUIIBER CO.
COOPER BEOS., ° Prop’s delighted. The piace seems to me to
s embody all available points for a camp—
dry, firm soil, good water (the very best)
(Man: f fine chances for dreinage, and scenery
person e unsurparsable, The view of Mt. Shasta is
' one of the very best to:be had from any point;
. as it is visible from every part of the ground,
Lum fr. } The view of the Crags also is fine, The gen
le eral environment is of the best. It is an
} oval-shaped amphitheater, three miles long
6 i . by one-fourth to three-fourths of a mile
Matched Flooring “wide, with receding walls two to three
: ' thougand feet in height, with lines and
Dressed Siding t shades ef beauty at every reach. I
y i doubt if a better place can be found in
COND TN AEF he REDUCED RATES
SEASONED LUMBER AT LOWEST praain ly haggle Aah
= RKET. RATES. ¢ “ding, Cots, Ol-stoves, Folding-chairs,
5 MA ‘. ate., shipped as baggagp. For full information
. . address T. J, LOFTUS, Castella, Cal.
. Lumber of all kinds-for BUILDING and MIN . or T. HtGOODMAN, Gen. Pass, Agent.
; Orkers left at the Saw Mill arar Quaker “1 ". Sourmgen Pactric Company, San Francisco,
BOA oc oA ead .
o
es
View my display of Gents’ Furnishings in_my New Window.
Read ‘what the Rev. J. K. McLean, . ”
Fine Watch Repairing
LLJNERY. gle om
Everything is New.
Everything is Stylish.
Fa verything ts Inexpen‘sive, FE. a 7
Everything is Guaran:
teed.
Everything ts Correct,
SER
Continuous Sales Every Day.
_————— Qe
Mrs. Lester & Grawford.
The Glorious
FOURTH!
NSA Oty
IS PREPARING TO CELEBRATE THE
FOURTH of JULY
In a Manner Never Before Seen in Nevada County.
.
I wil he &-Great, Grand and Magnificent Affi
GOV. H. H. MARKHAM
Will Deliver the Oration.
a oe ——
This Cut Represents the ~~
Best Wateh in the Market,
——~ AND CAN BE HAD OF——
aoe
QS ERREREREREREEE
LUETJE & BRAND,
Se REKKEEKEKK EA OAs also any other FIRST CLASS
their line.” “=
Our stock in every line is Compretr’
and Prices Low.-We ¢ordially invite
_. would-be purchasers to inspect’ the same.
Remember that we Repair and Make
New Jewelry to order in Any Design.
By Skilled Mechanics, ~~
‘). Sverything Warrantea, =
F.C. .LUETJE, Yq, C. J. BRAND,
: Watchmakers and Jewelers.
_[BROAD, STREET, above Pine, a . shoo Se +. NEVADA CIETY.
Goods_ in}
{Something New! .
mn)
A-Chance Now.
Owing tothe unusualweather for this
time of the year there has not~been a
great demand for Spring Goods, and as
Summer weather will soon «be with us
L. Hyman & Go.
-Have marked down everything ‘in their —
“three stores to prices.never known before
in this city. The goods are: the best
manufactured, and yet the new ‘stale of
prices are what are charged at’other
places for a lower grade of goods,
*
The Bargains
=
We are offering are only about ‘the cost
of the cloth.
Before Pu rchasing
«
Call at our establishments, see the goods
and. prices.
It Will Pay You
_ Now to lay in enongh to last for a long
time, as you will never get-another. such
a chance as is now being offered by
L. HYMAN @ CO.
HERE YOU HAVE IT!
Something Fine..
Something You Have Long Wanted! Something You Need!
New Samples. Select yout Suits and Trousers from the goods,
Have just received a complete assortment of "
Cloths, Cassimeres, Worsteds, Suitings & Trouserings
BOTH NOVELTIES AND STAPLES.
We can suit All Kinds of Dressers in. Business or Dros Suits from the Largest and Most
p ~~ * Complete stock in Northern California,
And bear. this in mind, Our Surrs Atways Fir.
R. T. MORRISON, Merchant Taltor.
PINE STREET, (NEVADA CITY, OAL,
caine
ee
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